Digital health has enormous potential to transform health systems. However, many countries are struggling to maximise the value from digital health because technologies and the data environment are often outdated and fragmented.

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Core population health indicators show that societies have not yet fully recovered from the pandemic, with many people still struggling mentally and physically.

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Unhealthy lifestyles and poor environments cause millions of people to die prematurely. Smoking, harmful alcohol use, physical inactivity and obesity are the root cause of many chronic conditions.

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Despite universal health coverage in most OECD countries, barriers to access remain, with gaps in financial protection and sometimes long waiting lists.

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Quality of care is improving in terms of safety and effectiveness, and more attention is being placed on patient-reported outcomes and experiences.

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Spending on health fell to 9.2% of GDP in 2022, down from 9.7% in 2021. On average this is above the share of GDP in 2019. However, in 11 countries, health spending as a share of GDP in 2022 was lower than in 2019.

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The health and social care workforce continues to grow, but concerns about shortages are becoming more acute.

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Pharmaceuticals account for around one-sixth of health spending on average. Increased uptake of generics and biosimilars can increase value-for-money in health systems.

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Health systems should adapt to meet the needs of an ageing population, including a greater demand for labour-intensive long-term care and more integrated, person-centred care.

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