Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Kosovo

Abbreviations and acronyms

ACA	Anti-Corruption Agency
ACECE	Advisory Committee for Early Childhood Education
AEO	Authorised Economic Operator
AEOI	Automatic exchange of information
AIE	Agency for Investment and Export
ALMPs	Active labour market programmes
AMLD5	Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive
APC	Agency for Prevention of Corruption
ARDP	Agriculture and Rural Development Projects
ARDS	Agriculture and Rural Development Strategy
ARKEP	Electronic and Postal Communications Regulatory Authority
ASEK	Agency for Support to Enterprises in Kosovo
AVETAE	Agency for Vocational Education and Training and Adult Education
B2C	Business to consumer
BAK	Federal Bureau of Anti-Corruption, Austria
BAN	Business Angel Network
BCP	Border crossing point
BEPS	Base erosion and profit shifting
CAP	Common Agricultural Policy
CBAM	Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
CbC	Country-by-country
CBK	Central Bank of Kosovo
CCPs	Customs Control Points
CEFTA	Central European Free Trade Agreement
CEO	Chief Executive Officer
CIT	Corporate income tax
CMO	Common Market Organisation
CO	Competitiveness Outlook
CVETA	Council of Vocational Educational and Training and for Adults
DATS	Department of Advisory Technical Service
DLT	Distributed Ledger Technology
DMOs	Destination management organisations
EBRD	European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ECE	Early childhood education
EFTA	European Free Trade Association
EIB	European Investment Bank
eIDAS	Electronic identification and trust services
EMD2	Second Electronic Money Directive
EMIS	Education Management Information System
ENETOSH	European Network Education and Training in Occupational Safety and Health
EQF	European Qualification Framework
EREA	Empowering Rural Economies through Agriculture
EU	European Union
EUR	Euros
EURES	European Network of Employment Services
EUROSTAT	Statistical Office of the European Union
FADN	Farm Accountancy Data Network
FDI	Foreign Direct Investment
FTAs	Free trade agreements
FVA	Food and Veterinary Agency
GDP	Gross domestic product
GHG	Greenhouse gas
GI	Geographical indications
GIZ	Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
GloBE	Global Anti-Base Erosion Rules
GSP	Generalized System of Preferences
GST	Goods and services tax
Ha	Hectares
HE	Higher education
HEIs	Higher education institutions
HEMIS	Higher Education Management Information System
ICILS	International Computer and Information Literacy Study
ICT	Information and communication technology
IFC	International Finance Corporation
IIEP	International Institute for Educational Planning
IKD	Kosovo Institute for Justice
ILO	International Labour Organization
IMF	International Monetary Fund
IPA	Investment Promotion Agency
IPARD	Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance for Rural Development
IPR	Intellectual property rights
ISCED	International Standard Classification of Education
IT	Information technology
ITE	Initial teacher education
ITP	Innovation and Training Park
KAA	Kosovo Accreditation Agency
KBA	Kosovo Banking Association
KBRA	Kosovo Business Registration Agency
KCGF	Kosovo Credit Guarantee Fund
KCIS	Kosovo Cadastral Information System
KDI	Kosova Democratic Institute
KDWV	Kosovo-German Chamber of Commerce
KESP	Kosovo Education Strategic Plan
K-GenU	Kosovo Generation Unlimited
KIESA	Kosovo Investment and Enterprise Support Agency
KJS	Kosovo Judicial Council
KNAB	Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau, Latvia
KPST	Kosovo Pension Saving Trust
KTK	Kosovo Tourism Council
LAG	Local Action Group
LPIS	Land parcel identification system
MAFRD	Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development
MARRI	Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative
MESTI	Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation
MFLT	Ministry of Finance, Labor and Transfers
MIET	Ministry of Industry, Entrepreneurship and Trade
MNE	Multinational enterprises
MoE	Ministry of Economy
MSMEs	Micro, small and medium enterprises
NCED	National Council for Economic Development
NEET	Not in education, employment or training
NIPH	National Institute of Public Health
NQA	National Qualification Authority
NTFC	National Trade Facilitation Committee
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OHT	Chamber of Hospitality and Tourism of Kosovo
OSH	Occupational safety and health
P2P	Peer-to-peer
PAK	Privatisation Agency of Kosovo
PES	Public employment service
PIRLS	Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
PISA	Programme for International Student Assessment
PIT	Personal income tax
POE	Publicly-owned enterprise
PPSE	Promoting Private Sector Employment
PSD	Payment Services Directive
PSD2	Second Payment Services Directive
QDMTT	Qualified domestic minimum top-up tax
REACT-EU	Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe
RITTD	Research, innovation, technology transfer and digitalisation
RLKO	Raiffeisen Leasing Kosovo
RWCs	Regional Water Companies
SAA	Stabilisation and Association Agreement
SAS	Social Assistance Scheme
SDGs	Sustainable Development Goals
SEPA	Single Euro Payments Area
SEZs	Special economic zones
SIRED	Sustainable and Inclusive Rural Economic Development
SKPF	Slovenian Kosovo Pension Fund
SMEs	Small and medium-sized enterprises
SOE	State-owned enterprise
SPO	Special Prosecutor’s Office
SPS	Sanitary and phytosanitary
SSB	Sugar-sweetened beverages
SSC	Social security contributions
TAK	Tax Administration of Kosovo
TARIC	Integrated Tariff of the European Union
TE	Tax expenditure
TIMSS	Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
TPP	Third-party payment service providers
TSA	Tourism Satellite Accounts
UN	United Nations
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNICEF	United Nations Children’s Fund
USAID	United States Agency for International Development
UTK	Union of Tourism of Kosovo
VAT	Value added tax
VET	Vocational education and training
WB6	Western Balkan 6
WHO	World Health Organisation
WSRA	Water Service Regulatory Authority
WTO	World Trade Organization