The Theory and Practice of Upper Secondary Certification

Annex B. Upper secondary certificates included for analysis

Table A B.1. Upper secondary certificates analysed

Country	Title	Orientation
Australia (Queensland)	Queensland Certificate of Education	General
Australia (Australian Capital Territory - ACT)	ACT Senior Secondary Certificate (ACT SSC)	General
Austria	Standardised competency-oriented school leaving examination at Academic Secondary School (AHS)	General
Austria	Standardised competency-oriented school leaving examination at College for Higher Vocational Education (BHS)	Vocational
Belgium (Flemish Community)	Orientation towards higher education	General
Belgium (Flemish Community)	Orientation towards higher education and labour market	General
Belgium (Flemish Community)	Orientation towards labour market	Vocational
Belgium (French Community)	Certificat d’Enseignement Secondaire Supérieur (GEN) [Certificate of Upper Secondary Education]	General
Belgium (French Community)	Certificat d’Enseignement Secondaire Supérieur (VET) [Certificate of Upper Secondary Education]	Vocational
Canada (British Columbia)	British Columbia Certificate of Graduation (Dogwood Diploma)	General
Colombia	Bachiller Académico [Academic Bachiller]	General
Colombia	Bachiller Técnico [Technical Bachiller]	Vocational
Costa Rica	Bachillerato	Both
Croatia	Final Exam	Vocational
Croatia	State Matura	General
Czechia	Střední vzdělání [Upper secondary education]	Vocational
Czechia	Střední vzdělání s maturitní zkouškou [Upper secondary education with Maturita]	Both
Czechia	Střední vzdělání s výučním listem [Upper secondary education with VET certificate]	Vocational
Denmark	Higher Commercial Examination (hhx)	General
Denmark	Higher General Examination Programme (stx)	General
Denmark	Higher Preparatory Examination programme (hf)	General
Denmark	Higher Technical Examination Programme (htx)	General
Estonia	General upper secondary Education	General
Estonia	Vocational upper secondary Education	Vocational
Finland	Certificate of General Upper Secondary Education	General
Finland	Matriculation Examination Certificate	General
Finland	Vocational qualifications	Vocational
France	Baccalauréat (lycée/general et technologique upper secondary education) [Baccalaureate]	General
France	Baccalauréat professionnel [Professional baccalaureate]	Vocational
France	Certificat d'Aptitude Professionnelle (CAP) [Professional Aptitude Certificate]	Vocational
Greece	Apolytirio [Graduation certificate]	General
Greece	Ptychio [Qualification]	Vocational
Ireland	Leaving Certificate (Established and Vocational Programme)	General
Israel	Matriculation exam	General
Italy	Diploma d'istruzione secondaria di secondo grado [Secondary School Diploma]	Both
Japan	High school certificate	General
Korea	High school certificate	General
Lithuania	General upper secondary certificate	General
Lithuania	Vocational upper secondary certificate	Vocational
Luxembourg	Diplôme de fin d’études secondaires [High School Diploma]	General
Mexico	Bachillerato	General
Mexico	Vocational Training Certificates	Vocational
Netherlands	Senior general secondary education (HAVO) and pre university education (VWO)	General
Netherlands	Secondary vocational education (MBO)	Vocational
New Zealand	National Certificates of Educational Achievement (NCEA)	General
Norway	Diploma	General
Norway	Vocational and apprentice and practical certificates	Vocational
Poland	School leaving certificate – for lyceum [high school], technikum [technical school] and branżowa szkoła [vocational school] I and II stopnia [level] subjects	Both
Poland	Egzamin zawodowy [Professional qualification]	Vocational
Poland	Matura	General
Portugal	Certificado de conclusão do ensino secundário e diploma – Certificado professional [Secondary school completion certificate and diploma – Professional certificate]	Vocational
Portugal	Certificado de conclusão do ensino secundário e diploma - Nível 3 do Quadro Nacional de Qualificações [Secondary school completion certificate and diploma - Level 3 of the National Qualifications Framework]	General
Slovak Republic	Záverečná skúška [2-3 year VET], Absolvenská skúška [Art Schools]	Vocational
Slovak Republic	Maturitná skúška [Maturita]	General
Slovak Republic	Maturitná skúška [Maturita] - 4-year VET	Vocational
Slovenia	General matura (general education)	General
Slovenia	Vocational matura (technical education)	Vocational
South Africa	Secondary National Certificate	General
Spain	Bachillerato (General) and Vocational Upper Secondary	Both
Spain	Ciclo Formativo de Grado Medio [Intermediate Vocational Training Cycle]	Vocational
Sweden	General and Vocational Programmes	Both
Türkiye	Lise Diploması [High School Diploma]	Both
United Kingdom - England	T Levels	Vocational
United Kingdom - England, Northern Ireland and Wales	Business Technology and Education Council Nationals	Vocational
United Kingdom - England, Northern Ireland and Wales	General Certificates of Secondary Education (GCSEs)	General
United Kingdom - England, Northern Ireland and Wales	Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Levels	General
United Kingdom - Northern Ireland Applied Qualifications (Open College Network Northern Ireland and Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment)	Vocational Qualifications and Council for the Curriculum, Examinations & Assessment (CCEA) qualifications	Both
United Kingdom - Scotland	Vocational Qualifications e.g. National Certificates, National Progress Awards, Higher National Certificates, Higher National Diplomas, Foundation Apprenticeships	General
United Kingdom - Scotland	Advanced Higher qualifications	General
United Kingdom - Scotland	National 5s, Higher qualifications	Vocational
United Kingdom - Wales	Level 3 WJEC Vocational Qualifications	Vocational