| ACT | Australian Capital Territory |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| BC | British Columbia |
| BTEC | British and Technology Education Council |
| CAP | Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle or Professional aptitude certificate |
| CCEA | Northern Ireland’s Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment |
| CCF | ‘Contrôle en cours de formation’ or in-training assessment |
| CSAT | College Scholastic Ability Test |
| EPAL | Greece’s vocational upper secondary education programme |
| GCSE | General Certificates of Secondary Education |
| GEN | General education |
| HAVO | The Netherland’s senior general secondary education |
| HF | Denmark’s Higher Preparatory Examination Programme |
| HHX | Denmark’s Higher Commercial Examination Programme |
| HNC | Scotland’s Higher National Certificates |
| HND | Scotland’s Higher National Diplomas |
| HTX | Denmark’s Higher Technical Examination Programme |
| ISCED | International Standard Classification of Education |
| ITE | Initial Teacher Education |
| KSAT | Korea’s Scholastic Ability Test or Suneung |
| MBO | The Netherland’s upper secondary vocational programme |
| NCEA | National Certificates of Educational Achievement |
| NCs | Scotland’s National Certificates |
| NPA | Scotland’s National Progression Awards |
| NZQA | New Zealand Qualifications Authority |
| OCN NI | Open College Network Northern Ireland |
| PFMP | Professional training period for France’s vocational upper secondary programmes |
| PISA | Programme for International Student Assessment |
| QCAA | Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority |
| QCS | Queensland Core Skills |
| QNQ | Portugal’s National Qualifications Framework |
| SAT | Scholastic Aptitude Test |
| SQA | Scottish Qualifications Authority |
| STX | Denmark’s Higher General Examination Programme |
| VET | Vocational education |
| VWO | The Netherland’s pre-university education programme |
| WJEC | Awarding body in Wales |
The Theory and Practice of Upper Secondary Certification
