Risk‑based Regulatory Design for the Safe Use of Hydrogen

Abbreviations and acronyms

ACM	Authority for Consumers and Markets (Autoriteit Consument en Markt)
ADR	European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (Accord européen relatif au transport international des marchandises Dangereuses par Route)
AEMC	Australian Energy Market Commission
AEMO	Australian Energy Market Operator
AER	Australian Energy Regulator
ASME	American Society of Mechanical Engineers
AT	Telecom Agency (Agentschap Telecom)
ATEX	Equipment intended for use in explosive atmospheres (Appareils destinés à être utilisés en Atmosphères Explosibles)
Bevb	Decree External Safety Pipelines (Besluit externe veiligheid buisleidingen)
Bevi	Decree External Safety Establishments (Besluit externe veiligheid inrichtingen)
Bkl	Decree Quality Living environment (Besluit Kwaliteit Leefomgeving)
BOVEN	Administrative Forum for a Safe Energy Transition in the Netherlands (Bestuurlijk Overleg voor een Veilige Energietransitie in Nederland)
BP	BP p.l.c.
Brzo 2015	Decree risks major accidents 2015 (Besluit risico’s zware ongevallen 2015)
CBS	Statistics Netherlands (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek)
CCS	carbon capture and storage
CCTV	closed-circuit television
CCU	carbon capture and utilisation
CCUS	carbon capture, utilisation and storage
CFD	Computational Fluid Dynamics
CFR	Code of Federal Regulations
CNG	Compressed natural gas
COAG	Council of Australian Governments
COMAH	Control of Major Accident Hazards
COP	Hydrogen Community of Practice
DEI+	Demonstration Energy and Climate Innovation Scheme (Demonstratie Energie- en Klimaatinnovatieregeling)
DG REFORM	Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support
DN	Nominal Diameter
DNV	Det Norske Veritas group
DoE	Department of Energy
DoT	Department of Transportation
DSB	Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection
EC	European Commission
ECOSOC	Economic and Social Council
ECV	Emergency control valve
EFV	Excess flow valve
EHD	European Hydrogen Backbone
EIA	environmental impact assessment
EIGA	European Industrial Gases Association
ENSAD	Energy-related Severe Accident Database
ERF	European Risk Forum
ESD	Emergency Showdown system
ESD	Emergency-shut-down
EZK	Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat)
FCEV	Fuel cell electric vehicle
FCH 2 JU	Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking
FCHO	Fuel Cell Hydrogen Observatory
FCV	Fuel Cell Vehicle
FFD	Flame failure device
GHPGSO	General High Pressure Gas Safety Ordinance
GHRS	Gaseous Hydrogen Refuelling Station
GRHYD	Grid Management by Hydrogen Injection to Decarbonise Energies (Gestion des Réseaux par l’injection d’Hydrogène pour Décarboner les Énergies)
GSMR	Gas Safety Management Regulations
GTR	Global Technical Regulation
GTS	Gasunie Transport Services B.V
GW	gigawatt
H2	hydrogen
HEPHSA	Hydrogen Economy Promotion and Hydrogen Safety Act
HFCV	Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle
HIAD	Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database
HPGSA	High Pressure Gas Safety Act
HPGSCA	High Pressure Gas Safety Control Act
HRR	Heat Release Rate
HRS	Hydrogen Refueling Station
HSE	UK Health and Safety Executive
HVAC	Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
IEA	International Energy Agency
IED	integrated environmental obligation
IFV	Institute Physical Safety (Instituut Fysieke Veiligheid)
IPCC	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCEI	Important Projects of Common European Interest
IPHE	International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy
IPLO	Information Desk Living Environment (Informatiepunt Leefomgeving)
IR	Individual Risk
IRENA	International Renewable Energy Agency
IRGC	International Risk Governance Council
ISO	International Organization for Standardization
JRC	Joint Research Centre
KGSC	Korea Gas Safety Corporation
KLIC	Cable and Pipelines Information Centre (Kabels en Leidingen Informatie Centrum)
ksi	kilo pounds per square inch
LFL	Lower Flammability Limit
LH2	Liquid Hydrogen
LHRS	Liquid Hydrogen Refuelling Station
LNG	liquefied natural gas
LOHC	liquid organic hydrogen carrier
LOPA	Layers of Protection Analysis
LPG	Liquid petroleum gas
METI	Minister of Economy, Trade, and Industry
MIE	Minimum Ignition Energy
MOTIE	Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy
Mt	million tonnes
Mtoe	million tonnes of oil equivalent
MW	megawatt
NDTNEC	Non-Destructive Testing National Electrical Code
NEN	Dutch Foundation Royal Standards Institute (Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut)
NERL	National Energy Retail Law
NERR	National Energy Retail Rules
NFPA	National Fire Protection Association
NG	Natural gas
NGL	National Gas Law
NGR	National Gas Rules
NL	The Netherlands
NLA	Dutch Labour Inspection (Nederlandse Arbeidsinspectie)
NPMS	National Pipeline Mapping System
NWBA	Dutch Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association (Nederlandse Waterstof en Brandstofcel Associatie)
NWO	Dutch Research Council (Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek)
NWP	National Hydrogen Initiative (Nationaal Waterstofprogramma)
OD	environment service (omgevingsdienst)
OSHA	Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PEM	proton exchange membrane
PGS	Publication series Dangerous Substances (Publicatiereeks Gevaarlijke Stoffen)
PHMSA	Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
PPP	Pressure Peaking Phenomenon
PRD	pressure relief device
PRV	pressure relief valve
PSR	Pipeline Safety Regulations
QRA	Quantitative Risk Assessment
R&D	Research and Development
RCS	Regulation, Codes and Standards
RIA	regulatory impact assessment
RIVM	National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu)
SAC	Standardization Administration of China
SDE++	Stimulating Sustainable Energy Production and Climate Transition grant (Stimulering Duurzame Energieproductie en Klimaattransitie)
SEA	strategic environmental assessment
SGN	Scotland Gas Networks and Southern Gas Networks
SOEC	solid oxide electrolyser cell
SSAC	Scottish Science Advisory Council
SZW	Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid)
TC	Technical Committee
TEN-T	Trans-European Transport Network
THT	tetrahydrothiophene
tpd	tonnes per day
TPRD	thermal pressure relief device
TSI	Technical Support Instrument
TSO	Transmission system operator
TWh	Terawatt-hour
UFL	Upper Flammability Limit
UN	United Nations
UNECE	United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
VR	safety region (veiligheidsregio)
Wabo	Act on the general provisions environmental law (Wet Algemene bepallingen omgevingsrecht)
WVIP	Hydrogen Safety Innovation Programme (Waterstof veiligheid Innovatie Programma)