Realising the Potential of the Middle Corridor

Abbreviations and acronyms

3PL	Third-Party Logistics
ADB	Asian Development Bank
ADY	Azerbaijan Railways
APEC	Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation
ASCO	Azerbaijan Caspian Shipping Company
ASEAN	Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASYCUDA	Automated System for Customs Data
ATA Carnet	Carnet Admission Temporaire/Temporary Admission
BAU	Business as Usual
BBIN	Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal
BCPs	Border Crossing Points
bn	billion
BOP	Build, Operate, Transfer
BRI	Belt and Road Initiative
BSEC	Black Sea Economic Co-operation
BSEC-URTA	Union of Road Transport Associations in the Black Sea Economic Co-operation Region
BTK	Baku-Tbilisi-Kars
CAREC	Central Asia Regional Co-operation Programme
CATS	CAREC Advance Transit System
CBAM	Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
CBC	Cross-Border Co-operation
CC	Co-ordination Committee
CCC	Customs Co-operation Committee [of the Central Asia Regional Economic Co-operation Programme]
CCZs	Customs Clearance Zones
CEF	Connecting Europe Facility
CFS	Container Freight Stations
CICA	Confidence Building Measures in Asia
CIM	Convention Internationale pour le Transport des Marchandises
CIM/SGMS	Agreement on International Goods Transport by Rail
CIT	International Rail Transport Committee
CMAs	Corridor Management Authorities
CMR	International Carriage of Goods
CPTA	Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific
CU	Customs Union
DR Congo	Democratic Republic of Congo
EAEU	Eurasian Economic Union
EaP	Eastern Partnership Countries
EBRD	European Bank of Reconstruction and Development
e-CMR protocol	Electronic International Carriage of Goods Protocol
ECMT	European Conference of Ministers of Transport
ECO	Economic Co-operation Organisation
ECOWAS	Economic Community of West African States
EFTA	European Free Trade Association
EIB	European Investment Bank
EPD	Electronic Pre-Declaration
ESIA	Environmental and Social Impact Assessments
ESPO	European Sea Ports Organisation
e-TIR system	Electronic International Road Transport System
EU	European Union
FDI	Foreign Direct Investment
FIATA	International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations
FTA	Free Trade Agreement
G20	Group of Twenty
GDP	Gross Domestic Product
GIS	Geopolitical Intelligence Services
GL Index	Grubel-Lloyd Index
GR	Georgian Railways
GTrD	Global Transit Document
GVC	Global Value Chain
HHI	Herfindahl-Hirschman index
HoA	Horn of Africa
HS	Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System
IATITR	International Association Trans-Caspian International Transport Route
ICBC	International Centre for Cross-Border Co-operation
IFC	International Finance Corporation
IFIs	International Financial Institutions
IIT	Intra-Industry Trade
IMF	International Monetary Fund
IO	International Organisation
IPA	Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance
IRU	International Road Union
ITC	International Trade Centre
ITF	International Transport Forum
JBIC	Japanese Bank of International Co-operation
JSC	Joint-Stock Company
JV	Joint Venture
km	kilometre
KMTF	KazMorTransFlot (Kazakhstan Maritime Transport Fleet)
KNOMAD	Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development
KTZ	Kazakhstan Temir Zholy
LoLo	Lift-on/Lift-off
LPI	Logistics Performance Index [of the World Bank]
m	metre
MC	Middle Corridor
MCLI	Maputo Corridor Logistics Initiative
MIID	Ministry for Industry and Infrastructure Development [of Kazakhstan]
MMT	Multi-Modal Marine Terminal
MNE	Multinational Enterprise
mt	megaton
MVA	Motor Vehicles Agreement
NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement
NASCO	North American Supercorridor Coalition
NCTS	New Computerised Transit System
NGO	Non-Governmental Organisation
NTFCs	National Trade Facilitation Committee
ODA	Official Development Assistance
OEC	Observatory of Economic Complexity
OECD	Organisation of Economic Co-operation and development
OIC	Organisation of Islamic Co-operation
OSCE	Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe
OSJD	Organisation of for Co-operation of Railways
OSS	One-Stop Shop
OTIF	Organisation for International Carriage by Rail
OTS	Organisation of Turkic States
PMCG	Policy and Management Consulting Group
PPD	Public-Private Dialogue
PPI	Private Participation in Infrastructure
PPP	Public-Private Partnership
R&D	Research and Development
R4TCA	Ready4Trade Central Asia
RoRo	Roll-on/Roll-off
RTFCs	Regional Trade Facilitation Committees
SESRIC	Statistical, Economic, and Social Research and Training Center for Islamic Countries
SEZ	Special Economic Zone
SME	Small and Medium-sized Enterprise
SPS	Sanitary and Phytosanitary certificates
STRI	Services Trade Restrictiveness Index
t	tonne
TCDD	Turkish State Railway Authority
TEN-T	Trans-European Transport Network
TEU	Twenty-foot equivalent unit
TFIs	Trade Facilitation Indicators
TIR	Transports Internationaux Routiers (International Road Transport)
TITR	Trans-Caspian International Transport Route
TOBB	Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye
TOR	Transfer of Operating Rights
TRACECA	Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia
U.S.	United States of America
UN	United Nations
UNCTAD	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNECE	United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
UNESCAP	United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
URL	Unified Railway Law
USAID	United States Agency for International Development
USD	United States dollar
USMCA	United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement
VfM	Value for Money
WIPO	World Intellectual Property Organisation
WPSP	World Port Sustainability Programme
WTO	World Trade Organisation