Quality Budget Institutions

Annex A. Fiscal objectives and fiscal rules

Table A ‎A.1. Fiscal objectives and rules for major budget aggregates, by type and policy status

	Budget balance (deficit / surplus)					Debt				Expenditure			Revenue			Other
	Headline/ nominal budget balance	Structural / cyclical budget balance	Primary budget balance	“Golden rule”	Other budget balance	Debt ceiling as a level or % of GDP	Debt reduction target	Debt target as a level or % of GDP	Other debt	Expenditure level/ceiling	Expenditure growth rate	Other expenditure	Upper limits on revenue	Constraints on use of higher-than expected revenues	Other revenue
Australia					❏		❏		❏			❏		❏	❏
Austria	❍	⦿❍					❍				❍
Belgium	❏	❍❏										⦿
Canada	❏						❏	❏		❏	❏
Chile	⦿	⦿				⦿		❏	⦿❍	⦿	❏		⦿
Colombia					⦿	⦿		⦿
Costa Rica	❏		❏			❏	❏	❏		❍	⦿			⦿
Czechia	⦿	⦿	⦿			⦿	⦿❏	❏		⦿
Denmark		⦿								⦿				⦿	❏
Estonia		⦿								❍
Finland	❏	⦿						❏		❏
France	⦿	⦿	❏				●	●		⦿	⦿		❏	⦿	⦿
Germany		●⦿
Greece	⦿	⦿				⦿	⦿	⦿
Hungary	⦿	⦿	❏			●	⦿	⦿
Iceland	⦿❏	❏	❏			⦿❏	⦿❏			❏	❏			❏
Ireland	⦿	⦿				⦿	⦿	⦿		⦿❏	❏			❏
Israel	⦿							⦿		⦿	⦿	⦿
Italy	●	❏						❏		⦿❍
Japan			❏		⦿				⦿	❏
Korea	❏							❏
Latvia		⦿				⦿				⦿	⦿			⦿
Luxembourg	⦿	⦿		⦿		❏				⦿	❏
Netherlands	⦿	⦿	⦿			⦿	⦿			⦿	⦿			⦿	⦿
New Zealand	❏							❏				❏			❏	❏
Norway		❏														❏
Poland						●⦿					⦿
Portugal	⦿❏	⦿❏	⦿❏			⦿❏	⦿❏	⦿❏		⦿❏	❏			⦿❍
Slovak Republic	⦿					⦿	⦿			⦿				⦿
Slovenia	⦿	●		⦿		⦿	⦿	⦿		⦿
Spain	⦿	●⦿				●	⦿	⦿		⦿	⦿			⦿
Sweden	⦿	❍				⦿	❍	❍		⦿
Switzerland		●⦿								●⦿			●
Türkiye	❏	❏	❏				❏	❏		❏	❏
United Kingdom	❏						❏					❏
United States						⦿						⦿			⦿
Totals
● Constitution	1	4	0	0	0	3	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
⦿ Law	15	17	3	2	2	14	10	8	2	16	7	3	1	8	3	0
❍ Subordinate regulation/ Govt rules	1	3	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	3	1	0	0	1	0	0
❏ Strategic policy document/political commitment	10	6	7	0	1	4	8	10	1	7	7	3	1	3	3	2

Note: Data for Lithuania and Mexico is not available.

Source: OECD (2023), Senior Budget Officials Survey on Budget Frameworks, Question 3.