OECD Skills Outlook 2025

Acronyms and abbreviations

The following are the main abbreviations and acronyms cited in the report.

ACN	Australian College of Nursing
AI	Artificial intelligence
ALMP	Active labour market policies
BFI	Big Five Inventory
CEAV	Career Education Association of Victoria
CICA	Career Industry Council of Australia
DEIS	Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools
ECEC	Early childhood education and care
EIU	Economist Intelligence Unit
GEOM	Global Estimates of Opportunity and Mobility
GII	Gender Inequality Index
GOII	Gender Occupational Integration Index
HEAR	Higher Education Access Route
HRM	Human resource management
ICCS	International Civic and Citizenship Education Study
ICILS	International Computer and Information Literacy Study
ICT	Information and communication technology
ILA	Individual learning accounts
ISCO	International Standard Classification of Occupations
JVCCS	Jobs Victoria Career Counsellors Service
L1	Native language
L2	Second language
LDND	Levenshtein Distance Normalised by Divergence
LLM	Large language models
MEL	Money earlier or later
MOOC	Massive open online courses
NHS	National Health Service
PES	Public employment services
PIAAC	Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
PIRLS	Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
PISA	Programme for International Student Assessment
PPP	Purchasing power parity
RPL	Recognition of prior learning
RR	Representation ratio
SD	Standard deviation
SE	Standard error
SES	Socio-economic status
SME	Small and medium-sized enterprises
STEM	Science, technology engineering and mathematics
TAFE	Technical and further education
TIMSS	Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
VET	Vocational education and training
WUI	World Uncertainty Index