OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2023

Abbreviations and acronyms

AI	Artificial intelligence
BERD	Business Enterprise R-D Expenditure
CCS	Carbon Capture and Storage
CCU	Carbon Capture and Utilisation
CERN	European Organization for Nuclear Research
COP	Conference of the Parties
CPC	Cooperative Patent Classification
DAC	Direct air capture
DARPA	Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
EPO	European Patent Office
EU	European Union
EUIPO	European Union Intellectual Property Office
EV	Electric Vehicles
FAIR	Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-useable
GDP	Gross domestic product
GERD	Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development
GHG	Greenhouse gas
GOVERD	Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D
GTARD	Government Tax Relief for R&D Expenditures
HERD	Higher Education Expenditure on R&D
HPC	High-performance computing
IEA	International Energy Agency
IoT	Internet of Things
IPCC	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
JPO	Japan Patent Office
MOIP	Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies
MSTI	Main Science and Technology Indicators
MTIP	Mission-driven Top Sector and Innovation Policy
NDC	Nationally determined contributions
NGO	Non-governmental organisation
NZE	Net Zero Emissions
PET	Privacy-enhancing technologies
PHSM	Public health and social measure
PPP	Public-private partnerships
R&D	Research and development
RD&D	Research, development and demonstration
RI	Research infrastructures
STEM	Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
SSH	Social sciences and humanities
STI	Science, Technology and Innovation
STIP	Science, Technology and Innovation Policy
TA	Technology assessment
TDR	Transdisciplinary research
TI	Technical infrastructures
UNFCCC	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USPTO	United States Patent and Trademark Office
WHO	World Health Organization
WTO	World Trade Organization