| AI | Artificial intelligence |
| ASPIRE | Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| CITP | Inter-ministerial Council for Public Transformation of France |
| CoG | Centre of government |
| Concept 2030 | Concept for the Development of Public Administration in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030 |
| CO-PI | Denmark’s Centre for Public-Private Innovation |
| CSA | Agency for Civil Service Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| DITP | Inter-ministerial Directorate for Public Transformation of France |
| EU | European Union |
| GDP | Gross domestic product |
| HDI | Human development index |
| HRM | Human resources management |
| IHDI | Inequality-adjusted human development index |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund |
| IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| IT | Information technology |
| Kazakhstan 2050 | Development Strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2050 |
| KPI | Key performance indicator |
| M&E | Monitoring and evaluation |
| MDDIAI | Ministry of Digital Development, Innovation and Aerospace Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| MIDEPLAN | Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy of Costa Rica |
| MNE | Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| MoF | Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| MoRD | Ministry of Regional Development of Czechia |
| MPED | Ministry of Planning and Economic Development of Egypt |
| NDP | National Development Plan |
| NDP2027 | National Development Plan 2021-2027 of Latvia |
| NGO | Non-governmental organisation |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OMB | Office of Management and Budget of the United States |
| PAR | Public administration reform |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| PEFL | Public Employment Framework Law of Costa Rica |
| PlanAPP | Centre for Planning and Public Policy Evaluation of Portugal |
| PMA | President’s Management Agenda of the United States |
| PMC | President’s Management Council of the United States |
| PMIO | Public Sector Modernisation Project Management and Implementation Office of the Prime Minister of Jordan |
| PPP | Purchasing power parity |
| RSE | Social and environmental responsibility |
| SDG | Sustainable Development Goal |
| SIGI | Social Institutions and Gender Index |
| SME | Small- or medium-sized enterprise |
| SOE | State-owned enterprise |
| STEM | Science, technology, engineering and mathematics |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| UN | United Nations |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
| USD | United States dollar |
| WGI | Worldwide Governance Indicator |
| WHO | World Health Organisation |
| WTO | World Trade Organisation |
OECD Public Governance Scan of Kazakhstan
Toward a More Agile, Responsive and Effective Public Administration
