This report was prepared by the OECD Public Governance Directorate (GOV) under the leadership of Director Elsa Pilichowski. The review was produced by the Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development (PCSD) team in the Global Partnerships, Inclusiveness and Justice Division, under the strategic direction of Tatyana Teplova, Head of Division, and Ernesto Soria Morales, team lead. Carina Lindberg led the review with the support of (in alphabetical order) Pénélope Caron, Daniela di Filippo, Adam Ostry and Giulia dos Prazeres Costa.
The OECD Secretariat is grateful to the Belgian federal government for its engagement and commitment during the preparation of this report. It is the result of close collaboration with the Federal Institute for Sustainable Development (FISD). In particular, the OECD would like to thank Dieter Vander Beke, Director, Cédric van de Walle, Strategy and Planning Co-ordinator and Wouter Spruyt, International Policy Officer.
The OECD also interviewed a number of officials from the Cabinet of then Minister Zakia Khattabi, Climate, the Environment, Sustainable Development and Green Deal; Federal Public Services; the Court of Audit; and independent advisory bodies. Finally, a multi-stakeholder workshop in March 2025 provided a platform for discussing the findings and preliminary recommendations outlined in this report, with a view to provide input to the process of formulating Belgium’s next Federal Plan for Sustainable Development. The authors would like to express their appreciation to these stakeholders for their availability and insights.
The team is also grateful to the Public Governance Director’s Office for their support throughout the publication process. The final report was edited by Julie Harris and prepared for publication by Melissa Sander and Ciara Muller.
The project was funded by the European Union via the Technical Support Instrument, and implemented by the OECD, in co-operation with the European Commission.