Skip to main content

Featured topics

Agriculture and fisheries

Climate change

Development

Digital

Economy

Education and skills

Employment

Environment

Finance and investment

Governance

Health

Industry, business and entrepreneurship

Regional, rural and urban development

Science, technology and innovation

Society

Taxation

Trade

Energy

Nuclear energy

Transport

Featured topics

Artificial intelligence

How to apply effective governance to harness the benefits of A.I. and mitigate its risks

Climate mitigation and net-zero transition

Analysis and insights for driving a rapid transition to net-zero while building resilience to physical climate impacts

Development co-operation

Standards and guidelines for development co-operation with concrete examples of their implementation

Gender equality

Policies on gender equality a driver of economic growth, democracy and social cohesion

Global value and supply chains

As the trend towards the international dispersion of certain value chain activities produces challenges, discover policies to meet these

Tax transparency and international co-operation

Enhanced transparency and exchange of information to put an end to bank secrecy and fight tax evasion and avoidance

Agriculture and fisheries

Agricultural policy monitoring

Agricultural productivity and innovation

Agricultural trade and markets

Agriculture and sustainability

Fisheries and aquaculture

Food systems

OECD standards for agriculture

Explore agriculture and fisheries

Climate change

Climate adaptation and resilience

Climate mitigation and net-zero transition

Finance and investment for climate goals

Global co-operation on climate

Green technology and innovation

Resource efficiency and circular economy

Explore climate change

Development

Development co-operation

Finance for sustainable development

Global and regional development trends

Governance and peace for development

Human development and social inclusion

Making critical minerals work for sustainable growth and development

Official development assistance (ODA)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Tax and development

Urbanisation, infrastructure and development

Explore development

Digital

Artificial intelligence

Communication infrastructure and services

Data flows and governance

Digital government

Digital security

Digital transformation

Online safety and well-being

Privacy and data protection

Explore digital

Economy

Competition

Economic policy

Economic surveillance

Economy and society

Financial markets

Global trade and open markets

Investment

Productivity and long-term growth

Sustainable economic growth

Explore economy

Education and skills

Adult skills and work

Education access, participation, and progression

Education economic and social outcomes

Education equity

Education evaluation and quality assurance

Education financing

Education leadership

Education organisation and governance

Future of education and skills

Learning environment

Student performance (PISA)

Teachers and educators

Explore education and skills

Employment

Adult skills and work

Employability

Employment services

Future of work

Health and work

Job quality

Local employment and economic development

Public employment and management

Explore employment

Environment

Biodiversity, water and ecosystems

Chemical safety and biosafety

Environment, society and economy

Environmental policies and evaluation

Finance and investment for environmental goals

Green technology and innovation

Greening countries, regions and cities

Pollution

Resource efficiency and circular economy

Explore environment

Finance and investment

Finance and investment for climate goals

Finance and investment for environmental goals

Financial consumer protection, education and inclusion

Financial markets

Infrastructure

Investment

Pensions and insurance

Responsible Business Conduct

Subnational finance and investment

Explore finance and investment

Governance

Anti-corruption and integrity

Corporate governance

Digital government

Government innovation

Infrastructure

Multi-level governance

Public employment and management

Public finance and budgets

Public policymaking

Public procurement

Regulatory reform

Trust and democracy

Explore governance

Health

Chronic diseases

Digital health

Health and work

Health inequality and universal health coverage

Health spending and financial sustainability

Healthcare quality and outcomes

Improving public health

Pharmaceuticals and medical technologies

The future of health systems

Explore health

Industry, business and entrepreneurship

Anti-corruption and integrity

Competition

Corporate governance

Global value and supply chains

Industrial policy

Industry sector analysis

Responsible Business Conduct

SMEs and entrepreneurship

Sustainable, green, and inclusive business

Tourism

Explore industry, business and entrepreneurship

Regional, rural and urban development

Local employment and economic development

Multi-level governance

Regional development

Rural development

Subnational finance and investment

Urban development and cities

Explore regional, rural and urban development

Science, technology and innovation

Chemical safety and biosafety

Science policy

Space economy

Technology policy

Explore science, technology and innovation

Society

Ageing

Consumer policy

Economy and society

Gender equality

Housing

Inclusion and equality

Migration

Pensions and insurance

Social policy

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Well-being and beyond GDP

Youth

Explore society

Taxation

Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS)

Consumption taxes

Cross-border and international tax

Tax administration

Tax and crime

Tax and development

Tax and the environment

Tax policy

Tax transparency and international co-operation

Tax treaties

Explore taxation

Trade

Agricultural trade and markets

Digital trade

Export credits

Global trade and open markets

Global value and supply chains

Illicit trade

Inclusive trade

Services trade

Subsidies and government support

Trade and sustainability

Explore trade

Energy

Explore energy

Nuclear energy

Explore nuclear energy

Transport

Explore transport

Browse all topics

Artificial intelligence

How to apply effective governance to harness the benefits of A.I. and mitigate its risks

Climate mitigation and net-zero transition

Analysis and insights for driving a rapid transition to net-zero while building resilience to physical climate impacts

Development co-operation

Standards and guidelines for development co-operation with concrete examples of their implementation

Gender equality

Policies on gender equality a driver of economic growth, democracy and social cohesion

Global value and supply chains

As the trend towards the international dispersion of certain value chain activities produces challenges, discover policies to meet these

Tax transparency and international co-operation

Enhanced transparency and exchange of information to put an end to bank secrecy and fight tax evasion and avoidance

Agricultural policy monitoring

Agricultural productivity and innovation

Agricultural trade and markets

Agriculture and sustainability

Fisheries and aquaculture

Food systems

OECD standards for agriculture

Explore agriculture and fisheries

Climate adaptation and resilience

Climate mitigation and net-zero transition

Finance and investment for climate goals

Global co-operation on climate

Green technology and innovation

Resource efficiency and circular economy

Explore climate change

Development co-operation

Finance for sustainable development

Global and regional development trends

Governance and peace for development

Human development and social inclusion

Making critical minerals work for sustainable growth and development

Official development assistance (ODA)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Tax and development

Urbanisation, infrastructure and development

Explore development

Artificial intelligence

Communication infrastructure and services

Data flows and governance

Digital government

Digital security

Digital transformation

Online safety and well-being

Privacy and data protection

Explore digital

Competition

Economic policy

Economic surveillance

Economy and society

Financial markets

Global trade and open markets

Investment

Productivity and long-term growth

Sustainable economic growth

Explore economy

Adult skills and work

Education access, participation, and progression

Education economic and social outcomes

Education equity

Education evaluation and quality assurance

Education financing

Education leadership

Education organisation and governance

Future of education and skills

Learning environment

Student performance (PISA)

Teachers and educators

Explore education and skills

Adult skills and work

Employability

Employment services

Future of work

Health and work

Job quality

Local employment and economic development

Public employment and management

Explore employment

Biodiversity, water and ecosystems

Chemical safety and biosafety

Environment, society and economy

Environmental policies and evaluation

Finance and investment for environmental goals

Green technology and innovation

Greening countries, regions and cities

Pollution

Resource efficiency and circular economy

Explore environment

Finance and investment for climate goals

Finance and investment for environmental goals

Financial consumer protection, education and inclusion

Financial markets

Infrastructure

Investment

Pensions and insurance

Responsible Business Conduct

Subnational finance and investment

Explore finance and investment

Anti-corruption and integrity

Corporate governance

Digital government

Government innovation

Infrastructure

Multi-level governance

Public employment and management

Public finance and budgets

Public policymaking

Public procurement

Regulatory reform

Trust and democracy

Explore governance

Chronic diseases

Digital health

Health and work

Health inequality and universal health coverage

Health spending and financial sustainability

Healthcare quality and outcomes

Improving public health

Pharmaceuticals and medical technologies

The future of health systems

Explore health

Anti-corruption and integrity

Competition

Corporate governance

Global value and supply chains

Industrial policy

Industry sector analysis

Responsible Business Conduct

SMEs and entrepreneurship

Sustainable, green, and inclusive business

Tourism

Explore industry, business and entrepreneurship

Local employment and economic development

Multi-level governance

Regional development

Rural development

Subnational finance and investment

Urban development and cities

Explore regional, rural and urban development

Chemical safety and biosafety

Science policy

Space economy

Technology policy

Explore science, technology and innovation

Ageing

Consumer policy

Economy and society

Gender equality

Housing

Inclusion and equality

Migration

Pensions and insurance

Social policy

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Well-being and beyond GDP

Youth

Explore society

Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS)

Consumption taxes

Cross-border and international tax

Tax administration

Tax and crime

Tax and development

Tax and the environment

Tax policy

Tax transparency and international co-operation

Tax treaties

Explore taxation

Agricultural trade and markets

Digital trade

Export credits

Global trade and open markets

Global value and supply chains

Illicit trade

Inclusive trade

Services trade

Subsidies and government support

Trade and sustainability

Explore trade

Explore energy

Explore nuclear energy

Explore transport

Browse all topics
A - C

D - I

J - M

N - R

S - T

U - Z

Regional and global engagement

Countries A - C

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Andorra

Angola

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belarus

Belgium

Belize

Benin

Bhutan

Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana

Brazil

Brunei Darussalam

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Central African Republic

Chad

Chile

China (People's Republic of)

Colombia

Comoros

Congo

Costa Rica

Côte d’Ivoire

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czechia

Countries D - I

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Estonia

Eswatini

Ethiopia

European Union

Fiji

Finland

France

Gabon

Gambia

Georgia

Germany

Ghana

Greece

Grenada

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Countries J - M

Jamaica

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Kiribati

Korea

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Latvia

Lebanon

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Maldives

Mali

Malta

Marshall Islands

Mauritania

Mauritius

Mexico

Micronesia

Moldova

Monaco

Mongolia

Montenegro

Morocco

Mozambique

Myanmar

Countries N - R

Namibia

Nauru

Nepal

Netherlands

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Palau

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Qatar

Republic of North Macedonia

Romania

Russia

Rwanda

Countries S - T

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Samoa

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Serbia

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Solomon Islands

Somalia

South Africa

South Sudan

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Suriname

Sweden

Switzerland

Syrian Arab Republic

Tajikistan

Tanzania

Thailand

Timor-Leste

Togo

Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

Türkiye

Turkmenistan

Tuvalu

Countries U - Z

Uganda

Ukraine

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

United States

Uruguay

Uzbekistan

Vanuatu

Venezuela

Viet Nam

Yemen

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Regional and global engagement

Africa

Eurasia

Latin America

Middle East and North Africa

Southeast Asia

South East Europe

Browse all countries & regions

A - C

D - I

J - M

N - R

S - T

U - Z

Countries A - C

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Andorra

Angola

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belarus

Belgium

Belize

Benin

Bhutan

Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana

Brazil

Brunei Darussalam

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Central African Republic

Chad

Chile

China (People's Republic of)

Colombia

Comoros

Congo

Costa Rica

Côte d’Ivoire

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czechia

Countries D - I

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Estonia

Eswatini

Ethiopia

European Union

Fiji

Finland

France

Gabon

Gambia

Georgia

Germany

Ghana

Greece

Grenada

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Countries J - M

Jamaica

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Kiribati

Korea

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Latvia

Lebanon

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Maldives

Mali

Malta

Marshall Islands

Mauritania

Mauritius

Mexico

Micronesia

Moldova

Monaco

Mongolia

Montenegro

Morocco

Mozambique

Myanmar

Countries N - R

Namibia

Nauru

Nepal

Netherlands

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Palau

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Qatar

Republic of North Macedonia

Romania

Russia

Rwanda

Countries S - T

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Samoa

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Serbia

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Solomon Islands

Somalia

South Africa

South Sudan

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Suriname

Sweden

Switzerland

Syrian Arab Republic

Tajikistan

Tanzania

Thailand

Timor-Leste

Togo

Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

Türkiye

Turkmenistan

Tuvalu

Countries U - Z

Uganda

Ukraine

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

United States

Uruguay

Uzbekistan

Vanuatu

Venezuela

Viet Nam

Yemen

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Africa

Eurasia

Latin America

Middle East and North Africa

Southeast Asia

South East Europe

Browse all countries & regions
Publications

Browse all publications

Publications

Reports and research papers

Research and working papers with deep dives and findings

Policy papers and briefs

Policy recommendations and case studies

Featured publications

Does Healthcare Deliver?

Results from the Patient-Reported Indicator Surveys (PaRIS)

Global Outlook on Financing for Sustainable Development 2025

Towards a more resilient and inclusive architecture
Data

Browse all data

Data

Key Indicators

Interactive charts and country comparison

Dashboards

Track progress with interactive charts of several key statistics

Methods

International statistical standards, manuals, handbooks and more

Insights

Data analysis and visualisations

Tools

Interact with policy simulators and indexes for data analysis

OECD Data explorer

Find, understand, and use the data you need

Featured data

Unemployment rates

statistical release, 12 March 2025

Inflation (CPI)

statistical release, 5 March 2025
News & Events

Explore news and events

News & Events

Newsroom

Discover our latest press releases and media resources

Events

See our list of events and register to attend

Blogs, videos & podcasts

Read the latest insights

Featured Events

Launch of the Interim Economic Outlook 2025

17 March 2025

Launch of the Global Debt Report 2025

20 March 2025
About OECD

About

About the organisation

How we work

OECD Secretary-General

Organisational structure

Members and partners

OECD and G7, G20, APEC

Engage with us

Newsroom

Events

Networks

Work with us

Careers

Internships

Young associates

Procurement at the OECD

Login on your MyOECD account

English
Cette page n'est pas disponible en Français

OECD

Featured topics

Agriculture and fisheries

Climate change

Development

Digital

Economy

Education and skills

Employment

Environment

Finance and investment

Governance

Health

Industry, business and entrepreneurship

Regional, rural and urban development

Science, technology and innovation

Society

Taxation

Trade

Energy

Nuclear energy

Transport

Featured topics

Artificial intelligence

How to apply effective governance to harness the benefits of A.I. and mitigate its risks

Climate mitigation and net-zero transition

Analysis and insights for driving a rapid transition to net-zero while building resilience to physical climate impacts

Development co-operation

Standards and guidelines for development co-operation with concrete examples of their implementation

Gender equality

Policies on gender equality a driver of economic growth, democracy and social cohesion

Global value and supply chains

As the trend towards the international dispersion of certain value chain activities produces challenges, discover policies to meet these

Tax transparency and international co-operation

Enhanced transparency and exchange of information to put an end to bank secrecy and fight tax evasion and avoidance

Agriculture and fisheries

Agricultural policy monitoring

Agricultural productivity and innovation

Agricultural trade and markets

Agriculture and sustainability

Fisheries and aquaculture

Food systems

OECD standards for agriculture

Explore agriculture and fisheries

Climate change

Climate adaptation and resilience

Climate mitigation and net-zero transition

Finance and investment for climate goals

Global co-operation on climate

Green technology and innovation

Resource efficiency and circular economy

Explore climate change

Development

Development co-operation

Finance for sustainable development

Global and regional development trends

Governance and peace for development

Human development and social inclusion

Making critical minerals work for sustainable growth and development

Official development assistance (ODA)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Tax and development

Urbanisation, infrastructure and development

Explore development

Digital

Artificial intelligence

Communication infrastructure and services

Data flows and governance

Digital government

Digital security

Digital transformation

Online safety and well-being

Privacy and data protection

Explore digital

Economy

Competition

Economic policy

Economic surveillance

Economy and society

Financial markets

Global trade and open markets

Investment

Productivity and long-term growth

Sustainable economic growth

Explore economy

Education and skills

Adult skills and work

Education access, participation, and progression

Education economic and social outcomes

Education equity

Education evaluation and quality assurance

Education financing

Education leadership

Education organisation and governance

Future of education and skills

Learning environment

Student performance (PISA)

Teachers and educators

Explore education and skills

Employment

Adult skills and work

Employability

Employment services

Future of work

Health and work

Job quality

Local employment and economic development

Public employment and management

Explore employment

Environment

Biodiversity, water and ecosystems

Chemical safety and biosafety

Environment, society and economy

Environmental policies and evaluation

Finance and investment for environmental goals

Green technology and innovation

Greening countries, regions and cities

Pollution

Resource efficiency and circular economy

Explore environment

Finance and investment

Finance and investment for climate goals

Finance and investment for environmental goals

Financial consumer protection, education and inclusion

Financial markets

Infrastructure

Investment

Pensions and insurance

Responsible Business Conduct

Subnational finance and investment

Explore finance and investment

Governance

Anti-corruption and integrity

Corporate governance

Digital government

Government innovation

Infrastructure

Multi-level governance

Public employment and management

Public finance and budgets

Public policymaking

Public procurement

Regulatory reform

Trust and democracy

Explore governance

Health

Chronic diseases

Digital health

Health and work

Health inequality and universal health coverage

Health spending and financial sustainability

Healthcare quality and outcomes

Improving public health

Pharmaceuticals and medical technologies

The future of health systems

Explore health

Industry, business and entrepreneurship

Anti-corruption and integrity

Competition

Corporate governance

Global value and supply chains

Industrial policy

Industry sector analysis

Responsible Business Conduct

SMEs and entrepreneurship

Sustainable, green, and inclusive business

Tourism

Explore industry, business and entrepreneurship

Regional, rural and urban development

Local employment and economic development

Multi-level governance

Regional development

Rural development

Subnational finance and investment

Urban development and cities

Explore regional, rural and urban development

Science, technology and innovation

Chemical safety and biosafety

Science policy

Space economy

Technology policy

Explore science, technology and innovation

Society

Ageing

Consumer policy

Economy and society

Gender equality

Housing

Inclusion and equality

Migration

Pensions and insurance

Social policy

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Well-being and beyond GDP

Youth

Explore society

Taxation

Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS)

Consumption taxes

Cross-border and international tax

Tax administration

Tax and crime

Tax and development

Tax and the environment

Tax policy

Tax transparency and international co-operation

Tax treaties

Explore taxation

Trade

Agricultural trade and markets

Digital trade

Export credits

Global trade and open markets

Global value and supply chains

Illicit trade

Inclusive trade

Services trade

Subsidies and government support

Trade and sustainability

Explore trade

Energy

Explore energy

Nuclear energy

Explore nuclear energy

Transport

Explore transport

Browse all topics

Artificial intelligence

How to apply effective governance to harness the benefits of A.I. and mitigate its risks

Climate mitigation and net-zero transition

Analysis and insights for driving a rapid transition to net-zero while building resilience to physical climate impacts

Development co-operation

Standards and guidelines for development co-operation with concrete examples of their implementation

Gender equality

Policies on gender equality a driver of economic growth, democracy and social cohesion

Global value and supply chains

As the trend towards the international dispersion of certain value chain activities produces challenges, discover policies to meet these

Tax transparency and international co-operation

Enhanced transparency and exchange of information to put an end to bank secrecy and fight tax evasion and avoidance

Agricultural policy monitoring

Agricultural productivity and innovation

Agricultural trade and markets

Agriculture and sustainability

Fisheries and aquaculture

Food systems

OECD standards for agriculture

Explore agriculture and fisheries

Climate adaptation and resilience

Climate mitigation and net-zero transition

Finance and investment for climate goals

Global co-operation on climate

Green technology and innovation

Resource efficiency and circular economy

Explore climate change

Development co-operation

Finance for sustainable development

Global and regional development trends

Governance and peace for development

Human development and social inclusion

Making critical minerals work for sustainable growth and development

Official development assistance (ODA)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Tax and development

Urbanisation, infrastructure and development

Explore development

Artificial intelligence

Communication infrastructure and services

Data flows and governance

Digital government

Digital security

Digital transformation

Online safety and well-being

Privacy and data protection

Explore digital

Competition

Economic policy

Economic surveillance

Economy and society

Financial markets

Global trade and open markets

Investment

Productivity and long-term growth

Sustainable economic growth

Explore economy

Adult skills and work

Education access, participation, and progression

Education economic and social outcomes

Education equity

Education evaluation and quality assurance

Education financing

Education leadership

Education organisation and governance

Future of education and skills

Learning environment

Student performance (PISA)

Teachers and educators

Explore education and skills

Adult skills and work

Employability

Employment services

Future of work

Health and work

Job quality

Local employment and economic development

Public employment and management

Explore employment

Biodiversity, water and ecosystems

Chemical safety and biosafety

Environment, society and economy

Environmental policies and evaluation

Finance and investment for environmental goals

Green technology and innovation

Greening countries, regions and cities

Pollution

Resource efficiency and circular economy

Explore environment

Finance and investment for climate goals

Finance and investment for environmental goals

Financial consumer protection, education and inclusion

Financial markets

Infrastructure

Investment

Pensions and insurance

Responsible Business Conduct

Subnational finance and investment

Explore finance and investment

Anti-corruption and integrity

Corporate governance

Digital government

Government innovation

Infrastructure

Multi-level governance

Public employment and management

Public finance and budgets

Public policymaking

Public procurement

Regulatory reform

Trust and democracy

Explore governance

Chronic diseases

Digital health

Health and work

Health inequality and universal health coverage

Health spending and financial sustainability

Healthcare quality and outcomes

Improving public health

Pharmaceuticals and medical technologies

The future of health systems

Explore health

Anti-corruption and integrity

Competition

Corporate governance

Global value and supply chains

Industrial policy

Industry sector analysis

Responsible Business Conduct

SMEs and entrepreneurship

Sustainable, green, and inclusive business

Tourism

Explore industry, business and entrepreneurship

Local employment and economic development

Multi-level governance

Regional development

Rural development

Subnational finance and investment

Urban development and cities

Explore regional, rural and urban development

Chemical safety and biosafety

Science policy

Space economy

Technology policy

Explore science, technology and innovation

Ageing

Consumer policy

Economy and society

Gender equality

Housing

Inclusion and equality

Migration

Pensions and insurance

Social policy

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Well-being and beyond GDP

Youth

Explore society

Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS)

Consumption taxes

Cross-border and international tax

Tax administration

Tax and crime

Tax and development

Tax and the environment

Tax policy

Tax transparency and international co-operation

Tax treaties

Explore taxation

Agricultural trade and markets

Digital trade

Export credits

Global trade and open markets

Global value and supply chains

Illicit trade

Inclusive trade

Services trade

Subsidies and government support

Trade and sustainability

Explore trade

Explore energy

Explore nuclear energy

Explore transport

Browse all topics
A - C

D - I

J - M

N - R

S - T

U - Z

Regional and global engagement

Countries A - C

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Andorra

Angola

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belarus

Belgium

Belize

Benin

Bhutan

Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana

Brazil

Brunei Darussalam

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Central African Republic

Chad

Chile

China (People's Republic of)

Colombia

Comoros

Congo

Costa Rica

Côte d’Ivoire

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czechia

Countries D - I

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Estonia

Eswatini

Ethiopia

European Union

Fiji

Finland

France

Gabon

Gambia

Georgia

Germany

Ghana

Greece

Grenada

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Countries J - M

Jamaica

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Kiribati

Korea

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Latvia

Lebanon

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Maldives

Mali

Malta

Marshall Islands

Mauritania

Mauritius

Mexico

Micronesia

Moldova

Monaco

Mongolia

Montenegro

Morocco

Mozambique

Myanmar

Countries N - R

Namibia

Nauru

Nepal

Netherlands

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Palau

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Qatar

Republic of North Macedonia

Romania

Russia

Rwanda

Countries S - T

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Samoa

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Serbia

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Solomon Islands

Somalia

South Africa

South Sudan

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Suriname

Sweden

Switzerland

Syrian Arab Republic

Tajikistan

Tanzania

Thailand

Timor-Leste

Togo

Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

Türkiye

Turkmenistan

Tuvalu

Countries U - Z

Uganda

Ukraine

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

United States

Uruguay

Uzbekistan

Vanuatu

Venezuela

Viet Nam

Yemen

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Regional and global engagement

Africa

Eurasia

Latin America

Middle East and North Africa

Southeast Asia

South East Europe

Browse all countries & regions

A - C

D - I

J - M

N - R

S - T

U - Z

Countries A - C

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Andorra

Angola

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belarus

Belgium

Belize

Benin

Bhutan

Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana

Brazil

Brunei Darussalam

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Central African Republic

Chad

Chile

China (People's Republic of)

Colombia

Comoros

Congo

Costa Rica

Côte d’Ivoire

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czechia

Countries D - I

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Estonia

Eswatini

Ethiopia

European Union

Fiji

Finland

France

Gabon

Gambia

Georgia

Germany

Ghana

Greece

Grenada

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Countries J - M

Jamaica

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Kiribati

Korea

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Latvia

Lebanon

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Maldives

Mali

Malta

Marshall Islands

Mauritania

Mauritius

Mexico

Micronesia

Moldova

Monaco

Mongolia

Montenegro

Morocco

Mozambique

Myanmar

Countries N - R

Namibia

Nauru

Nepal

Netherlands

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Palau

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Qatar

Republic of North Macedonia

Romania

Russia

Rwanda

Countries S - T

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Samoa

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Serbia

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Solomon Islands

Somalia

South Africa

South Sudan

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Suriname

Sweden

Switzerland

Syrian Arab Republic

Tajikistan

Tanzania

Thailand

Timor-Leste

Togo

Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

Türkiye

Turkmenistan

Tuvalu

Countries U - Z

Uganda

Ukraine

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

United States

Uruguay

Uzbekistan

Vanuatu

Venezuela

Viet Nam

Yemen

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Africa

Eurasia

Latin America

Middle East and North Africa

Southeast Asia

South East Europe

Browse all countries & regions
Publications

Browse all publications

Publications

Reports and research papers

Research and working papers with deep dives and findings

Policy papers and briefs

Policy recommendations and case studies

Featured publications

Does Healthcare Deliver?

Results from the Patient-Reported Indicator Surveys (PaRIS)

Global Outlook on Financing for Sustainable Development 2025

Towards a more resilient and inclusive architecture
Data

Browse all data

Data

Key Indicators

Interactive charts and country comparison

Dashboards

Track progress with interactive charts of several key statistics

Methods

International statistical standards, manuals, handbooks and more

Insights

Data analysis and visualisations

Tools

Interact with policy simulators and indexes for data analysis

OECD Data explorer

Find, understand, and use the data you need

Featured data

Unemployment rates

statistical release, 12 March 2025

Inflation (CPI)

statistical release, 5 March 2025
News & Events

Explore news and events

News & Events

Newsroom

Discover our latest press releases and media resources

Events

See our list of events and register to attend

Blogs, videos & podcasts

Read the latest insights

Featured Events

Launch of the Interim Economic Outlook 2025

17 March 2025

Launch of the Global Debt Report 2025

20 March 2025
About OECD

About

About the organisation

How we work

OECD Secretary-General

Organisational structure

Members and partners

OECD and G7, G20, APEC

Engage with us

Newsroom

Events

Networks

Work with us

Careers

Internships

Young associates

Procurement at the OECD

OECD
Publications
OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2011 Issue 2

OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2011 Issue 2

Report

More info

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v11-2-en

Authors

OECD

Tags

Governance
Public finance and budgets

OECD Journal on Budgeting

22 August 2011

Cite this content as:

OECD (2011), OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2011 Issue 2, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v11-2-en.

Share

Facebook Twitter LinkedIn

Abstract

This issue of the OECD Journal on Budgeting includes an article and country notes on fiscal consolidation.

In the same series

See all publications

Report

OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2024 Issue 1

29 June 2024
Report

OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2023 Issue 3

20 December 2023
Report

OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2023 Issue 2

21 June 2023
Report

OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2023 Issue 1

8 March 2023
Report

OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2022 Issue 3

18 November 2022
Report

OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2022 Issue 2

17 September 2022
Report

OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2022 Issue 1

28 May 2022
Report

OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2021 Issue 3

10 December 2021

Related publications

See all publications

Policy paper

OECD Review of the Scottish Fiscal Commission 2025

10 March 2025
Policy paper

Empowering fiscal reporting with digital and interactive approaches

13 February 2025
Policy paper

Budgeting in Singapore in 2025

13 January 2025
Policy paper

How can public budgeting support climate goals?

23 December 2024
Policy paper

Selective spending reviews in Chile

20 December 2024
Policy paper

Gender budgeting in Brazil

3 December 2024
Report

Governing for Sustainable Prosperity in the Middle East and North Africa

21 October 2024
Policy paper

Green budgeting in the Government of Canada

25 September 2024

© Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Topics

Countries & regions

Regional and global engagement

Data

Publications

News & Events

Blogs & podcasts

About

About the organisation

Accession to the OECD

Procurement at the OECD

Social media links

Utility links

Terms & Conditions