OECD Inventory of Export Restrictions on Critical Raw Materials 2026

Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) are essential to economic security and prosperity, but export restrictions are undermining their stable supply. The OECD Inventory of Export Restrictions on Critical Raw Materials provides a key evidence base on the global use of a diverse set of measures, ranging from licensing requirements to export prohibitions. The latest update shows that restrictions remain at historically high levels following sharp increases in 2022–2023. New export restrictions introduced in 2024 were implemented by a more diverse group of countries than in previous years, particularly in Africa and Asia. Restrictions cover up to 70% of global exports of cobalt and manganese, 47% of graphite exports and 45% of rare earth elements. By tightening supply and increasing price volatility, restrictions risk amplifying concentration and market distortions. International cooperation therefore remains essential to boost investment and ensure stable and more diversified supply in global markets.