Multi‑dimensional Review of Thailand (Volume 1)

Facts and figures of Thailand

(2016 unless noted otherwise, numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average or total OECD)

People: Towards better lives for all

Population (millions)	68.8	(1 289.9)	Life expectancy (years)	75.1	(80.3)
Under 15 (%)	17.7	(18.1)	Men	71.4	(77.7)
Over 65 (%)	10.9	(16.3)	Women	78.9	(82.9)
Urban population (% of total)	51.5	(80.5)	Health care expenditure, public and private (% of GDP)	4.1	(12.3)
Income inequality (Gini coefficient)	43.1	(31.8)	Education outcomes: PISA 2015 score average of reading, math and science	415	(492)
Poorest / richest region GDP per capita	5.8	(2.8)	Education expenditure, public (% of GDP)	4.1	(5.3)
Unemployment rate (% of total labour force, national estimates)	1.0	(6.3)	Labour force participation rate (% of total population ages 15-64, national estimates)	75.5	(71.3)
Youth unemployment rate (% of total labour force, ages 15-24, national estimate)	4.9	(13.9)	Men	83.5	(79.8)
Informal employment (% of total labour force)	55.6	-	Women	67.9	(63.1)
Firms with female top manager (% of firms)	64.8	(15.8)	Share of women in parliament (% of seats in national parliaments)	6.1	(28.2)

Prosperity: Boosting productivity

GDP in current billion USD	406.8	(47 394)	Share of GDP: Agriculture (%)	8.3	(1.5)
GDP growth (annual %)	3.3	(1.7)	Industry (%)	35.8	(24.3)
GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international $)	15 682	(38 725)	Services (%)	55.8	(74.2)
GDP per capita growth (annual %)	2.9	(1.1)	Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)	0.6	(2.4)
Exchange rate (THB per USD, annual average)	35.3	-	Fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100 people)	10.7	(29.9)
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)	68.5	(27.8)	Current account balance (% of GDP)	11.7	(0.1)
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)	53.7	(27.2)	Travel services revenue (% GDP)	11.9	(1.6)
Gross FDI inflows (% of GDP)	0.4	(2.3)	Tertiary educational attainment 25-64 year-olds (%)	16.0	(35.5)

Partnerships: Sustainably financing development

General government revenue (% of GDP)	21.9	(42.2)	General government total expenditure (% of GDP)	21.3	(43.8)
General government tax revenues (% GDP)	18.2	(34.3)	Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)	147	(147)
Public debt, total (% of GDP)	41.7	(85.6)	Total foreign exchange reserves (% of total external debt)	141	-

Planet: Conserving nature

Land area (thousand sq. km)	511	(344 044)	Agricultural land (% of land area)	43.2	(34.2)
Forest area (% of land area)	32.1	(31.3)	Arable land (% of land area)	32.9	(11.2)
Total primary energy supply (TPES) per capita (toe)	1.9	(4.1)	CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes)	3.6	(9.4)
Renewables (% of TPES)	19.2	(9.7)	Fine particulate matter concentration (PM2.5, μg/m3)	26.4	(15.2)
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)	26	(10.1)

Peace: Strengthening governance

Share of public sector employees in total employment	8.9	(17.7)	Corruption perceptions index	35	(69.2)
Intentional homicides (per 100 000 population)	3.5	(3.6)	% of population who feel safe walking alone at night	68	(71.4)

1. Gini coefficient for household disposable income as in Solt (2016). 2. Comparable OECD data not available. 3. Includes social security contributions. 4. Includes general government and state-owned enterprises debt. 5. Public sector employees include all government sector employment plus employees of publicly-owned resident enterprises and companies, operating at central, state (or regional) and local levels of government. 6. Index ranges from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).

Last year available when other than 2016 or not explicitly mentioned is marked with: * for 2015, ** for 2014, *** for 2013. The average OECD poorest-richest region GDP per capita ratio based on 2012 and 2013 values. The average OECD tertiary education attainment ratio is based on 2015 and 2016 values.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from the databases of the following organisations: OECD, Gallup World Poll, International Energy Agency, Transparency International, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Values Surveys, and various national sources