This report was prepared by the OECD Public Governance Directorate (GOV), under the leadership of Elsa Pilichowski, Director, and Martin Forst, Head of the Governance Reviews and Partnerships Division, together with the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), under the leadership of Christian Archambeau, Executive Director, and Paul Maier, Director of the European Observatory on Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights.
This study was conducted under the auspices of the OECD Task Force on Countering Illicit Trade (TF-CIT). The study was shared with other OECD committees with relevant expertise in the area of trade, regulatory policy, public sector integrity and digital economy policy.
The report was prepared by Piotr Stryszowski, Senior Economist and Morgane Gaudiau, Economist at the OECD Directorate for Public Governance jointly with Michał Kazimierczak, Economist at the European Observatory on Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights of the EUIPO and Nathan Wajsman, Chief Economist, EUIPO. Peter Avery and Jean-Paul Rebillard provided significant inputs. The authors wish to thank the OECD experts who provided valuable knowledge and insights: Julio Bacio Terracino, Alessandro Bellantoni and Nick Malyshev from the OECD Public Governance Directorate, and Silvia Sorescu from the OECD Trade Directorate.
Andrea Uhrhammer and Ciara Muller provided editorial and production support.
The database on customs seizures was provided by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and supplemented with regional data submitted by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union, the US Customs and Border Protection Agency and the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The authors express their gratitude for the data and for the valuable support of these institutions.