International Compendium of Entrepreneurship Policies

3. Mapping of policy examples

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the 16 policy examples described in Chapters 4, 5 and 6. It presents matrices mapping the features of each case study across three dimensions to allow readers to easily identify policy examples that illustrate specific approaches and issues. The first matrix provides an overview of cases by primary focus of each intervention and characteristics such as target groups and scale. The second matrix presents the main types of key performance indicators (KPIs) that have been used to monitor their activities. The third matrix presents the key policy success factors that each case study illustrates.

Mapping of cases by policy types and characteristics

The remainder of this report presents policy case studies from different countries illustrating different types of policy intervention. Table 3.1 provides a more detailed overview of the policy case studies by their main focus of intervention, intervention level, target groups, whether they have been evaluated, their size and their budget.

Table 3.1. Overview of policy examples and their main features

Type	Programme	Country	Main focus of intervention										Level			Target groups							Impact		Size	Budget
			Entrepreneurial culture	Taxation	Competitive conditions	Regulatory framework	Education and training	Info, advice, coaching & mentoring	Access to finance	Internationalisation	Technology and innovation	Holistic ecosystem approach	national	sub-national	other	potential and aspiring entrepreneurs	early stage entrepreneurs	established entrepreneurs and SMEs	investors	accelerators, incubators & providers	Students and graduates	universities and PRIs	evaluated	Not evaluated
Policies for institutional conditions	Entrepreneur's Desk	Portugal				✓							✓			✓	✓	✓						✓	320 procedures moved online (2020)	N.A.
	Tax incentives for early-stage investors	Australia		✓									✓						✓				✓		~ EUR 388 million invested (2016-18)	N.A.
	Zones Franches Urbaines (ZFU) – Territoires Entrepreneurs	France		✓	✓								✓	✓		✓	✓	✓					✓		100 ZFUs	~ EUR 527 million (2009)
Direct support to entrepreneurs	Converge Challenge	UK, Scotland					✓							✓		✓	✓				✓	✓	✓		120 businesses created; 300 people trained	N.A.
	Growth Hubs Network	UK, England						✓						✓			✓	✓					✓		38 hubs	~EUR 71 million (2019/20)
	Regional Business Development Centres	Denmark						✓					✓	✓		✓	✓	✓					✓		6 hubs	~EUR 13.7 million (2017)
	Siva partner incubators and business gardens	Norway						✓					✓	✓		✓	✓	✓		✓			✓		34 incubators, 40 business gardens (2020), 2 081 incubated firms, 1 806 garden beneficiaries (2018)	Incubators: ~ EUR 8.9 million Gardens: ~EUR 5.3 million (2015)
	Regional Co-investment Funds	Sweden							✓				✓	✓			✓		✓				✓		~EUR 256 million invested in 207 companies (2009-13)	~EUR 256 million of which EUR 89 million of public funds
	Cooperative Venturing	United States							✓					✓	✓	✓	✓		✓		✓		✓		N.A.	Ranges from EUR 211 000 to EUR 316 000 per year
	Linc Scotland	UK, Scotland							✓					✓	✓				✓					✓	200 investors & 21 structured angel groups (2019)	~EUR 2 million
	INVEST	Germany							✓				✓				✓		✓				✓		EUR 104.3 million of investment supported	EUR 19.2 million in grants (2013-15)
	Startup Global USA	United States								✓			✓				✓	✓						✓	N.A.	N.A.
	Canada Accelerator and Incubator Programme	Canada									✓		✓						✓	✓			✓		16 incubators/ accelerators funded (2014-19)	~EUR 68 million
Policies for ecosystems	Startup Delta/ TechLeap.NL	Nether-lands										✓	✓			✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓		N.A.	~ EUR 4.5 million (2015-19)
	Startup Estonia	Estonia										✓				✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	N.A.	EUR 2.808 million for 2018
	DutchCE	Nether-lands										✓				✓	✓					✓		✓	20 HEIs	~EUR 600 000 (2015-17)

Note: More detailed information on the case studies, including on the size and budget of initiatives can be found in Chapters 4, 5 and 6.

Mapping of cases by type of key performance indicators used

As discussed above, the choice of targets for a policy or programme as well as the monitoring and evaluation methods used depend on a variety of factors, including the type of intervention, its scale and scope, and the resources available to measure progress. Table 3.2 presents a synthetic overview of the type of key performance indicators (KPIs) used to monitor the activity and measure the outputs and impacts of the policy examples described in this report. A list summarising the main KPIs used by each intervention is available in the description of each case study in this section.

Table 3.2. Overview of Key Performance Indicators used

			Activity					Outputs and Impact
Type of intervention	Programme	Country	Outreach (number of users served, etc.)	User satisfaction	Process (cost, performance of delivery)	Firm creations	Job creation	Access to finance (funded firms, grant amounts)	Turnover growth	Other economic impact (e.g. value-added)	Survival rate	Other impacts (innovation, exports etc.)
Institutional conditions	Entrepreneur's Desk	Portugal	✓		✓
	Tax incentives for early-stage investors	Australia	✓		✓		✓	✓		✓
	Zones Franche Urbaines – Territoires Entrepreneurs	France			✓	✓	✓					✓
Direct support to entrepreneurs	Converge Challenge	UK (Scotland)	✓	✓		✓	✓		✓	✓		✓
	Growth Hubs Network	UK (England)	✓	✓
	Regional Business Development Centres	Denmark	✓	✓			✓		✓	✓		✓
	Siva partner incubators and business gardens	Norway	✓	✓	✓				✓			✓
	Regional Co-investment Funds	Sweden	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
	Cooperative Venturing	United States		✓	✓			✓			✓	✓
	Linc Scotland	UK (Scotland)	✓				✓	✓				✓
	INVEST	Germany						✓
	Startup Global USA	United States	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
	CAIP	Canada	✓	✓			✓	✓	v		✓
Ecosystems	Startup Delta/TechLeap.NL	Netherlands			✓							✓
	Startup Estonia	Estonia	✓					✓				✓
	Dutch CE	Netherlands	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.

Note: This table is based on the detailed lists of KPIs included in case study descriptions in part II of the present report. The mention N.A. (not applicable) refers to policies and programmes which are not evaluated or have not publicised information on their evaluation processes.

Mapping of cases by keys to success

The policy examples presented in this report provide transversal lessons that can inspire successful policies across areas of entrepreneurship policy intervention. These lessons stem both from good practices adopted by programmes and challenges encountered in design and implementation that gave rise to policy adaptations. Table 3.3 presents key factors illustrated by the cases presented.

Table 3.3. Overview of reported success factors

			Efficient goal setting		Investing resources in non-core activities			Building on existing actors and structures					Capacity building for delivery
Type of intervention	Programme	Country	Involving stakeholders in design	Setting clear goals	Investing resources in awareness raising	Minimise red tape and allocate resources to administrative tasks	Resources for monitoring and evaluation		Designed as part of existing policy portfolio	Embedded in strategies	Leveraging existing capacity	Supporting actors of different sizes		Training delivery staff	Network of local initiatives	Linkages between actors
Institutional conditions	Entrepreneur's Desk	Portugal	✓											✓
	Tax incentives for early-stage investors	Australia	✓
	Zones Franches Urbaines – Territoires Entrepreneurs	France		✓						✓
Direct support to entrepreneurs	Converge Challenge	UK (Scotland)									✓
	Growth Hubs Network	UK(England)		✓			✓			✓	✓					✓
	Regional Business Development Centres	Denmark	✓				✓									✓
	Siva partner incubators and business gardens	Norway					✓				✓	✓		✓	✓
	Regional Co-investment Funds	Sweden					✓		✓
	Cooperative Venturing,	United States					✓				✓					✓
	Linc Scotland	UK (Scotland)			✓											✓
	INVEST	Germany				✓	✓
	Startup Global USA	United States									✓
	Canada Accelerator & Incubator Program	Canada		✓						✓
Entrepreneurial ecosystems	Startup Delta/ TechLeap.NL	Netherlands									✓				✓	✓
	Startup Estonia	Estonia	✓	✓	✓
	Dutch CE	Netherlands									✓	✓			✓

Note: This table reports the main highlighted success factors identified in each policy case study. More information on challenges encountered, solutions implemented and a wider set of key takeaways for other countries can be found in individual case study in Chapters 4, 5 and 6