Increasing volumes of cocaine, fentanyl, and other synthetic drugs are entering legitimate global supply chains. Criminals exploit systemic vulnerabilities of modern trade channels, including free trade zones, small parcel networks, and maritime shipping. High profit margins, together with persistent gaps in governance and enforcement, create an enabling environment for criminal networks to conceal and transport narcotics across borders. Illicit trade in narcotics represents a significant public health concern, which is further intensified by the growth of synthetic opioids. Combatting trade-based narcotic flows requires a whole-of-government approach, international co-operation and standards, public-private partnerships and the adoption of new technologies and enforcement tools. This policy brief sets out the recent trends and enforcement gaps raised in the context of the OECD Working Party on Countering Illicit Trade.
