Intellectual property (IP) is a cornerstone of modern economies, driving innovation, economic growth, and competitive markets. IP protection ensures that owners receive the proper incentive to maintain innovation. However, IP infringement through counterfeiting and piracy poses significant threats, undermining profits, employment, government revenue, and the health and trust of consumers. This working paper updates previous studies from 2017 and 2019. It evaluates the extent of imports of counterfeits into the United Kingdom and its impact on consumers, industries, and the UK government. It assesses global trade violations of UK IP rights and their impact on the UK economy. The analysis reveals that trade in goods infringing UK IP rights, estimated at GBP 12.1 billion, resulted in 1.4% of forgone UK manufacturing sales, 20 000 job losses, and 0.23% of lost public revenue in the United Kingdom. The findings aim to inform public and private sector decision makers and to enable effective, evidence-based strategies that will address IP infringement.
