While Indonesia's rapid urbanisation has gone hand in hand with economic growth, housing remains a critical challenge. Around 29.2 million family units in Indonesia do not have a home or live in inadequate housing conditions. At the same time, Indonesian cities are facing growing environmental challenges, disproportionately affecting low-income households. This paper suggests that Indonesia's continued urbanisation and large-scale housing investments offer a critical opportunity to shape more resilient cities. It identifies key policy and governance pathways to balance the urgent need for affordable and adequate housing with long-term sustainable urban development goals.
