| ACA | Affordable Care Act |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| API | Application Programming Interface |
| BBMRI | Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure |
| CABG | Coronary artery bypass grafting |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US) |
| CEPHOS-link | Comparative Effectiveness Research on Psychiatric Hospitalisation by Record Linkage of Large Administrative Data Sets |
| CHF | Congestive heart failure |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPD | Continuous professional development |
| CMS | Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (US) |
| CVD | Cardiovascular diseases |
| DTC | Direct-to-consumer |
| EC | European Commission |
| EEA | European Economic Area |
| EHDEN | European Health Data and Evidence Network |
| EHR | Electronic health record |
| EMR | Electronic medical record |
| ERIC | European Research Infrastructure Consortium |
| ECIS | European Cancer Information System |
| EU | European Union |
| EUR | Euro |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FFS | Fee-for-service |
| FHIR | Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources |
| GA4GH | Global Alliance for Genomics and Health |
| GBP | Great Britain Pounds |
| GDP | Gross domestic product |
| GDPR | General Data Protection Regulation |
| GFCF | Gross fixed capital formation |
| GFT | Google flu trends |
| GMA | Grupo de Morbilidad Ajustado (Morbidity-adjusted groupiong) |
| GP | General practitioner |
| HBM4EU | European Human Biomonitoring Initiative |
| HCH | Health Care Home |
| HITECH Act | Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act |
| HIPAA Act | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
| HTA | Health technology assessment |
| IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer |
| ICD | International Classification of Diseases |
| ICT | Information and communication technology |
| ICHOM | International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement |
| IHME | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation |
| IMG | Integrated Medical Group |
| IMI | Innovative Medicines Initiative |
| InfAct | Joint Action on Health Information |
| IoT | Internet of Things |
| INCF | International Neuro-informatics Coordinating Facility |
| IP | Internet protocol |
| IT | Information technology |
| NCD | Non-communicable disease |
| NHID | National health insurance database (Korea) |
| NICE | National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| NHS | National health service (UK) |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| ONC | Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT |
| PCI | Percutaneous coronary intervention |
| PIAAC | Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies |
| PPI | Proton pump inhibitors |
| RCT | Randomised controlled trial |
| R&D | Research and development |
| RWE | Real-world evidence |
| RWD | Real-world data |
| SALAR | Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions |
| SaMD | Software as a medical device |
| SES | Socio-economic status |
| TEFCA | Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| UN | United Nations |
| US | United States |
| USD | United States Dollars |
| WAHCA | Washington State Health Care Authority |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
Health in the 21st Century
Putting Data to Work for Stronger Health Systems