This report was prepared by the Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities (CFE) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), led by Lamia Kamal-Chaoui, Director, at the request of Spain’s Ministry for Digital Transformation and Civil Service which is supporting the co‑ordination of entrepreneurship policy efforts in Spain in collaboration with other government ministries and agencies. The project was funded by the European Union via the Technical Support Instrument (Project 24ES04), and implemented by the OECD, in co-operation with the European Commission.
The project was led by Jonathan Potter, Head of the Entrepreneurship Policy and Analysis Unit, CFE, OECD. The report was drafted by a team involving Roberto Crotti (OECD/CFE), Pablo Shah (OECD/CFE), Jonathan Potter (OECD/CFE), and Alasdair Reid (European Future Innovation System Centre).
The report takes into account comments received from delegates to the OECD Committee on SMEs and Entrepreneurship at its regular meeting in November 2025 from the Spanish government and entrepreneurial ecosystem stakeholders. It is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD.
The authors are also grateful to Heather Mortimer-Charoy (Assistant, CFE) and Juan Mendez (Assistant, CFE) for technical support, and to Alix Philouze and Jack Waters (Product and Project Co-ordinators, CFE) for preparation of the publication.