All tables in Annex 2 are available on line at:
Education at a Glance 2018
OECD Indicators
Education at a Glance
Annex 2. Reference Statistics
Note regarding data from Israel
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and are under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
Table X2.1. Basic reference statistics (reference period: calendar year 2015 and 2016)
1. For countries where GDP is not reported for the same reference period as data on educational finance, GDP is estimated as: wt-1 (GDPt - 1) + wt (GDPt), where wt and wt-1 are the weights for the respective portions of the two reference periods for GDP which fall within the educational financial year. Adjustments were made in Chapter C for Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States.
2. These data are used in Indicator C7 in order to calculate salary costs of teachers per student as a percentage of GDP per capita.
3. Year of reference 2016 instead of 2015.
4. The GDP Mainland market value is used for Norway.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http:/http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.2. [1/2] GDP and total public expenditure (reference period: calendar year 2005, 2010 to 2015, current prices)
1. Year of reference 2016 instead of 2015.
2. The GDP Mainland market value is used for Norway.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http:/http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.2. [2/2] GDP and total public expenditure (reference period: calendar year 2005, 2010 to 2015, current prices)
1. Year of reference 2016 instead of 2015.
2. The GDP Mainland market value is used for Norway.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http:/http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.3. [1/2] Basic reference statistics (reference period: calendar year 2005, 2010 to 2015, in 2010 constant prices)
1. Year of reference 2016 instead of 2015.
2. The GDP Mainland market value is used for Norway.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.3. [2/2] Basic reference statistics (reference period: calendar year 2005, 2010 to 2015, in 2010 constant prices)
1. Year of reference 2016 instead of 2015.
2. The GDP Mainland market value is used for Norway.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.4a. [1/2] Teachers’ statutory salaries at different points in their careers, for teachers with the most prevalent qualifications defined at different points in the teachers’ career (2017)
Annual salaries in public institutions for teachers with the most prevalent qualifications, in national currency
Note: The definition of teachers’ most prevalent qualification is based on a broad concept, including the typical ISCED level of attainment and other criteria. Please see BoxD3.2 and Annex 3 for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Excludes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employees.
2. Data on pre-primary teachers includes the salary of kindergarten teachers who are the majority.
3. Includes the average of fixed bonuses for overtime hours (for lower and upper secondary teachers) and accomodation allowance.
4. Includes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employers.
5. At the upper secondary level includes teachers working in vocational programmes. In Slovenia, includes only those teachers teaching general subjects within vocational programmes.
6. Actual base salaries.
7. Salaries after 11 years of experience for Columns 2, 6, 10 and 14.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.4a. [2/2] Teachers’ statutory salaries at different points in their careers, for teachers with the most prevalent qualifications defined at different points in the teachers’ career (2017)
Annual salaries in public institutions for teachers with the most prevalent qualifications, in national currency
Note: The definition of teachers’ most prevalent qualification is based on a broad concept, including the typical ISCED level of attainment and other criteria. Please see Box D3.2 and Annex 3 for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Excludes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employees.
2. Data on pre-primary teachers includes the salary of kindergarten teachers who are the majority.
3. Includes the average of fixed bonuses for overtime hours (for lower and upper secondary teachers) and accommodation allowance.
4. Includes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employers.
5. At the upper secondary level includes teachers working in vocational programmes. In Slovenia, includes only those teachers teaching general subjects within vocational programmes.
6. Actual base salaries.
7. Salaries after 11 years of experience for Columns 2, 6, 10 and 14.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.4c. [1/2] Teachers’ statutory salaries at different points in their careers, for teachers with minimum qualifications (2017)
Annual salaries in public institutions for teachers with minimum qualifications, in national currency
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Excludes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employees.
2. Data on pre-primary teachers includes the salary of kindergarten teachers who are the majority.
3. Includes the average of fixed bonuses for overtime hours for lower and upper secondary teachers.
4. Includes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employers.
5. At the upper secondary level includes teachers working in vocational programmes. In Slovenia, includes only those teachers teaching general subjects within vocational programmes.
6. Actual base salaries.
7. Salaries after 11 years of experience for Columns 2, 6, 10 and 14.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.4c. [2/2] Teachers’ statutory salaries at different points in their careers, for teachers with minimum qualifications (2017)
Annual salaries in public institutions for teachers with minimum qualifications, in national currency
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Excludes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employees.
2. Data on pre-primary teachers includes the salary of kindergarten teachers who are the majority.
3. Includes the average of fixed bonuses for overtime hours for lower and upper secondary teachers.
4. Includes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employers.
5. At the upper secondary level includes teachers working in vocational programmes. In Slovenia, includes only those teachers teaching general subjects within vocational programmes.
6. Actual base salaries.
7. Salaries after 11 years of experience for Columns 2, 6, 10 and 14.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.4c. [2/2] Teachers’ statutory salaries at different points in their careers, for teachers with minimum qualifications (2017)
Annual salaries in public institutions for teachers with minimum qualifications, in national currency
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Excludes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employees.
2. Data on pre-primary teachers includes the salary of kindergarten teachers who are the majority.
3. Includes the average of fixed bonuses for overtime hours for lower and upper secondary teachers.
4. Includes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employers.
5. At the upper secondary level includes teachers working in vocational programmes. In Slovenia, includes only those teachers teaching general subjects within vocational programmes.
6. Actual base salaries.
7. Salaries after 11 years of experience for Columns 2, 6, 10 and 14.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.4f. [1/2] Reference statistics used in calculating teachers’ salaries (2000, 2005 to 2017)
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Data on PPPs and GDP for countries now in the Euro area are shown in euros.
2. Data for PPP for January 2016 refers to January 2015.
3. Data on PPPs and deflators refer to Belgium.
4. Data on PPPs and deflators refer to the United Kingdom.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.4f. [2/2] Reference statistics used in calculating teachers’ salaries (2000, 2005 to 2017)
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Data on PPPs and GDP for countries now in the Euro area are shown in euros.
2. Data for PPP for January 2016 refers to January 2015.
3. Data on PPPs and deflators refer to Belgium.
4. Data on PPPs and deflators refer to the United Kingdom.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.4g. [1/2] Trends in average teachers’ actual salaries, in national currency (2000, 2005, 2010 to 2016)
Average annual salary (including bonuses and allowances) of teachers aged 25-64
Note: Years 2011 to 2014 (i.e. Columns 4 to 8, 13 to 17, 22 to 26 and 31 to 35) are available for consultation on line. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Before 2015, also includes data on actual salaries of headmasters, deputies and assistants.
2. Also includes data on actual salaries of teachers in early childhood educational development programmes for pre-primary education.
3. Also includes data on the majority, i.e. kindergarten teachers only for pre-primary education.
4. Also includes data on actual salaries of pre-school teacher assistants for pre-primary education for 2011-2015.
5. Average actual teachers’ salaries, not including bonuses and allowances.
6. Includes all teachers, irrespective of their age.
7. Average actual teachers’ salaries for all teachers, irrespective of the level of education they teach.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.4g. [2/2] Trends in average teachers’ actual salaries, in national currency (2000, 2005, 2010 to 2016)
Average annual salary (including bonuses and allowances) of teachers aged 25-64
Note: Years 2011 to 2014 (i.e. Columns 4 to 8, 13 to 17, 22 to 26 and 31 to 35) are available for consultation on line. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Before 2015, also includes data on actual salaries of headmasters, deputies and assistants.
2. Also includes data on actual salaries of teachers in early childhood educational development programmes for pre-primary education.
3. Also includes data on the majority, i.e. kindergarten teachers only for pre-primary education.
4. Also includes data on actual salaries of pre-school teacher assistants for pre-primary education for 2011-2015.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.5. Proportion of teachers, by level of qualification (2017)
Teachers who have either minimum or a higher than minimum (and most prevalent) qualification
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.6. Percentage of pre-primary, primary, lower secondary and upper secondary teachers, by level of attainment (2017)
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Data for pre-primary level refer to pre-primary and primary level teachers combined. Data for lower secondary level refer to lower secondary and upper secondary combined.
Source: OECD (2018). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2018-36-en).
Please refer to the Reader’s Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.