Early insights from biennial transparency reports (BTRs) to enhance the next nationally determined contributions (NDCs)

The first Global Stocktake (GST1) underscored current gaps in climate ambition and implementation, and issued calls to align efforts with 1.5°C pathways, in particular for the energy sector in paragraph 28 of the GST1 decision. This paper analyses new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Biennial Transparency Reports (BTR1s) in relation to energy calls in the GST1, as well as finance-related information in BTR1s for insights to inform the next NDCs and implement the GST1 outcomes. Many new NDCs submitted by May 2025 contain references to paragraph 28 calls, with quantitative responses predominantly focusing on well-defined calls, such as tripling of renewable energy capacity by 2030. Given timing challenges, few BTR1s explicitly reference paragraph 28, however many include relevant indicators that could be used to formulate a response to these calls of the GST1 going forward. Information in BTR1s on financing current NDCs and related challenges can guide decisions by stakeholders, including the private sector, inform future transparency-related support, and provide insights on mobilising resources from different sources to support NDC delivery. Sharing insights from experiences, including through facilitative, multilateral consideration of progress (FMCP) sessions, can facilitate peer exchange and encourage mutual learning among Parties on implementing their NDCs.