Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-18

Annex C. Country groupings

For the purpose of this report’s analysis and figures, the following classifications are used:

• “Developed countries”, which include Annex II Parties to the Convention, the Member States of the European Union, Lichtenstein and Monaco (Table A C.1)

• “Developing countries”, which refer to countries and territories included on the DAC List of ODA Recipients for 2018 development finance (OECD, 2020[14]) and/or on the non-Annex I list of Parties to the UNFCCC (Table A C.2, Table A C.3, and Table A C.4).

Countries and territories that do not fall in these categories (most notably the Russian Federation (Russia) are not covered by the analysis.

Table A C.1. Developed countries

Australia	European Union	Latvia	Portugal
Austria	Finland	Liechtenstein	Romania
Belgium	France	Lithuania	Slovak Republic
Bulgaria	Germany	Luxembourg	Slovenia
Canada	Greece	Malta	Spain
Croatia	Hungary	Monaco	Sweden
Cyprus12	Iceland	Netherlands	Switzerland
Czech Republic	Ireland	New Zealand	United Kingdom
Denmark	Italy	Norway	United States
Estonia	Japan	Poland

Table A C.2. Developing countries: Non-Annex Parties on the DAC List of ODA Recipients

Afghanistan	Dominica	Liberia	Saint Kitts and Nevis
Albania	Dominican Republic	Libya	Saint Lucia
Algeria	Ecuador	Madagascar	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Angola	Egypt	Malawi	Samoa
Antigua and Barbuda	El Salvador	Malaysia	Sao Tome and Principe
Argentina	Equatorial Guinea	Maldives	Senegal
Armenia	Eritrea	Mali	Serbia
Azerbaijan	Eswatini	Marshall Islands	Sierra Leone
Bangladesh	Ethiopia	Mauritania	Solomon Islands
Belize	Fiji	Mauritius	Somalia
Benin	Gabon	Mexico	South Africa
Bhutan	Gambia	Micronesia	South Sudan
Bolivia	Georgia	Moldova	Sri Lanka
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Ghana	Mongolia	Sudan
Botswana	Grenada	Montenegro	Suriname
Brazil	Guatemala	Morocco	Syrian Arab Republic
Burkina Faso	Guinea	Mozambique	Tajikistan
Burundi	Guinea-Bissau	Myanmar	Tanzania
Cabo Verde	Guyana	Namibia	Thailand
Cambodia	Haiti	Nauru	Timor-Leste
Cameroon	Honduras	Nepal	Togo
Central African Republic	India	Nicaragua	Tonga
Chad	Indonesia	Niger	Tunisia
China (People’s Republic of)	Iran	Nigeria	Turkmenistan
Colombia	Iraq	Niue	Tuvalu
Comoros	Jamaica	North Macedonia	Uganda
Congo	Jordan	Pakistan	Uzbekistan
Cook Islands	Kazakhstan	Palau	Vanuatu
Costa Rica	Kenya	Panama	Venezuela
Côte d'Ivoire	Kiribati	Papua New Guinea	Viet Nam
Cuba	Kyrgyzstan	Paraguay	West Bank and Gaza Strip
Korea	Lao People’s Democratic Republic	Peru	Yemen
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Lebanon	Philippines	Zambia
Djibouti	Lesotho	Rwanda	Zimbabwe

Table A C.3. Developing countries: Non-Annex I Parties beyond ODA Recipients

Andorra	Chile	Korea	Trinidad and Tobago
Bahamas	Israel	San Marino	United Arab Emirates
Bahrain	Kuwait	Saudi Arabia	Uruguay
Barbados	Oman	Seychelles
Brunei Darussalam	Qatar	Singapore

Table A C.4. Developing countries: ODA Recipients beyond the Non-Annex I Parties

Belarus	Montserrat	Tokelau	Ukraine
Kosovo	Saint Helena	Turkey	Wallis and Futuna

Regions and sub-regions

Section 2 analyses climate finance by region and sub-region. The classifications used in this report are inspired by the M49 standard of the United Nations (UNSD, 2020[27]) to the extent possible, as well as the DAC regional groupings (OECD, 2020[28]). Climate finance that is not allocable by region is grouped under “unspecified”.

Table A C.5. List of developing countries and territories by region and sub-region

Region	Sub-region	Country
Africa	North Africa	Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
	East Africa	Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
	West Africa	Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
	Central Africa	Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe
	Southern Africa	Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa
Asia	Central Asia	Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
	East Asia	Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Viet Nam
	South Asia	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
	Middle East	Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Yemen
Europe	N/A	Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, San Marino, Serbia, Ukraine
Americas	Central America	Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama
	South America	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
	Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago
Oceania	N/A	Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna

Source: (UNSD, 2020[27]), (OECD, 2020[28]).

The main divergences from the UN M49 standard in this report are that:

• Central Asia includes all post-soviet countries in Asia, except Russia, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

• Western Asia is replaced with the Middle East, whereas relevant post-soviet countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) are included in Central Asia (see above).

• Sudan is included in Eastern Africa, rather than Northern Africa.

The main reason for these divergences is to ensure consistency with the DAC classification, which is used in the context of the underlying data on multilateral public and private finance mobilised. Moreover, provider countries (Table A C.1) and other countries and territories are excluded from the individual regions.

Although the regions identified often group countries and territories sharing specific attributes,3 they differ significantly in terms of size, population, income, GNI, and other statistical categories. As a result, such regions should only be viewed as a tool that facilitates geographic analyses.

Income groups

The income group classification used in the context of the climate finance figures in this report is primarily based on the World Bank (WB) Country and Lending Groups classification (World Bank, 2020[13]) for 2018. With regards to territories that were included in the climate finance dataset but are not covered by the WB classification, namely the Cook Islands, Niue, Montserrat and Tokelau, the income group was retrieved from the DAC List of ODA Recipients for reporting on aid in 2018 and 2019 (OECD, 2020[14]).

Table A C.6. List of developing countries and territories by income group

Category	Countries
Low-income countries and territories (LICs)	Afghanistan, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Yemen
Lower-middle income countries and territories (LMICs)	Angola, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, Eswatini, Ghana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Mauritania, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Upper-middle income countries and territories (UMICs)	Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Georgia, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Namibia, Nauru, North Macedonia, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Serbia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Thailand, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Venezuela; Cook Islands, Montserrat, Niue, Saint Helena, Wallis and Futuna
High-income countries and territories (HICs)	Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Israel, Korea, Kuwait, Oman, Palau, Panama, Qatar, Saint Kitts and Nevis, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay

Source: (World Bank, 2020[13]), (OECD, 2020[14]).

Notes

← 1.  Note by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”.

← 2.  Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

← 3.  For example, the Caribbean includes SIDS only. Similarly, Central Asia includes post-soviet states only, and Northern Africa Mediterranean countries.