Artificial Intelligence and the Labour Market in Japan

Abbreviations and acronyms

AI	Artificial intelligence
AI adopters	Employees whose companies use AI
ALMPs	Active Labour Market Policies
AISI	AI Safety Institute
AI users	Employees among AI adopters who have some interaction with AI at work
APPI	The Act on the Protection of Personal Information
ChatGPT	Chat Generative Pre‑trained Transformer
ETB	Educational Training Benefits
GEAI	Generative artificial intelligence
HRDS	Human Resources Development Subsidies
IICP	Institute for Information and Communications Policy
IPA	Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan
ISCO	International Standard Classification of Occupations
JDLA	the Japan Deep Learning Association
JILPT	Japanese Institute for Labour Policy and Training
JNIOSH	National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
JPY	Japanese Yen
LLM	Large Language Model
METI	Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
MEXT	Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
MHLW	Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
MIC	Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development
OFF-JT	off-the‑job training
OJT	on-the‑job training
PES	Public Employment Services
PIAAC	OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (Survey of Adult Skills)
PPC	Japanese Personal Information Protection Commission
RCVADP	The Regional Consortiums for Vocational Abilities Development Promotion
RPA	Robotic Process Automation