[16] BMDV (2024), mFUND - Funding future mobility, https://bmdv.bund.de/EN/Topics/Digital-Matters/mFund/mFund.html (accessed on 10 March 2025).
[20] DBT (2024), National digital twin programme (NDTP) principles, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/what-a-digital-twin-is-and-how-you-can-contribute/national-digital-twin-programme-ndtp-principles (accessed on 10 March 2025).
[9] DCMS (2018), Creative industries sector deal launched, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/creative-industries-sector-deal-launched (accessed on 7 March 2025).
[18] DIGITAL (n.d.), DIGITAL, https://www.digitalsupercluster.ca/ (accessed on 25 February 2025).
[14] Digital Catapult (n.d.), Technology: Immersive, https://www.digicatapult.org.uk/technologies/immersive/ (accessed on 24 February 2025).
[21] Digital Twin Hub (2018), National digital twin programme, https://digitaltwinhub.co.uk/ndtp/?utm (accessed on 7 March 2025).
[22] España, R. and C. Artigas (2022), La incubadora de empresas del sector tecnológico sobre realidad virtual y aumentada en Almendralejo permitirá dar respuesta a las demandas digitales del tejido empresarial, red.es.
[11] European Commission (2024), AR/VR-empowered digital twins for modelling complex phenomena in new RI application areas, EU Funding & Tenders Portal.
[27] European Commission (2023), Towards the next technological transition: Commission presents EU strategy to lead on Web 4.0 and virtual worlds.
[10] European Commission (2022), Supporting the development of a digital twin to improve management, operations and resilience of the EU Electricity System in support to REPowerEU, https://cordis.europa.eu/programme/id/HORIZON_HORIZON-CL5-2023-D3-01-10/en (accessed on 11 March 2025).
[31] G7 (2023), Ministerial declaration the G7 Digital and tech ministers’ meeting, https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/japan/ministerial-declaration-g7-digital-and-tech-ministers%E2%80%99-meeting_en (accessed on 16 May 2025).
[5] Galindo, L., K. Perset and F. Sheeka (2021), “An overview of national AI strategies and policies”, OECD Going Digital Toolkit Notes, No. 14, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/c05140d9-en.
[6] Gierten, D. and M. Lesher (2022), “Assessing national digital strategies and their governance”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 324, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/baffceca-en.
[23] Government of Dubai (2022), Hamdan bin mohammed launches Dubai metaverse strategy, https://mediaoffice.ae/en/news/2022/July/18-07/Hamdan-bin-Mohammed-launches-Dubai-Metaverse-Strategy?utm (accessed on 7 March 2025).
[15] HM Treasury (2022), “Autumn statement 2022 HTML”, HM Treasury, London, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/autumn-statement-2022-documents/autumn-statement-2022-html (accessed on 21 March 2025).
[19] IMDA (n.d.), PIXEL’s Innovation Space, https://pixel.imda.gov.sg/facilities/ (accessed on 1 October 2024).
[17] ISED (2024), Global innovation clusters, https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/global-innovation-clusters/en (accessed on 1 October 2024).
[33] ISED (n.d.), Canada’s Digital Technology Cluster, https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/global-innovation-clusters/en/canadas-digital-technology-cluster (accessed on 25 February 2025).
[28] KCC (2023), KCC announces “basic principles to protect metaverse users”, https://www.kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=lBhTPb76_rekO3M0EJ6_YTMW3CaHUV_0KW2HjjY9.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=E04010000&dc=E04010000&boardId=1058&cp=2&boardSeq=58525 (accessed on 27 February 2025).
[36] MIC (2025), Announcement of the “Study Group on Realizing Safe and Secure Metaverse” 2025 Report and Results of Public Consultation.
[30] MIC (2024), Principles of the metaverse (version 1.0) with additional explanation, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan.
[34] Ministry for the Digital Transformation and Civil Service (2022), The Business Incubator for the technology sector on virtual and augmented reality in Almendralejo will allow us to respond to the digital demands of the business sector, https://www.red.es/es/actualidad/noticias/la-incubadora-de-empresas-del-sector-tecnologico-sobre-realidad-virtual-y (accessed on 26 February 2025).
[12] MOEF (2021), “Government announces Korean new deal 2.0, an upgrade to properly reflect changes”, https://english.moef.go.kr/pc/selectTbPressCenterDtl.do?boardCd=N0001&seq=5173&utm_source=chatgpt.com (accessed on 24 February 2025).
[29] MSIT (2022), Ethical principles for the metaverse, Ministry of Science and ICT Korea, https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?sCode=eng&mId=10&mPid=9&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=46&nttSeqNo=17&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt= (accessed on 16 May 2025).
[35] OECD (2025), “A quantum technologies policy primer”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 371, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/fd1153c3-en.
[1] OECD (2025), “An immersive technologies policy primer”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 373, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/cf39863d-en.
[2] OECD (2025), OECD Digital Policy Platform (database), OECD, Paris, https://depp.oecd.org (accessed on 25 February 2025).
[8] OECD (2024), OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2024 (Volume 1): Embracing the Technology Frontier, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/a1689dc5-en.
[7] OECD (2024), OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2024 (Volume 2): Strengthening Connectivity, Innovation and Trust, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/3adf705b-en.
[4] OECD (2020), “Going Digital integrated policy framework”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 292, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/dc930adc-en.
[32] OECD (2019), Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264312012-en.
[3] OECD and European Commission (2025), STIP Compass (database), https://stip.oecd.org/stip/ (accessed on 28 February 2025).
[24] U.AE (2023), Dubai metaverse strategy, https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/strategies-plans-and-visions/government-services-and-digital-transformation/dubai-metaverse-strategy (accessed on 10 March 2025).
[13] Vlaanderen (n.d.), Extended reality in de klas, https://onderwijs.vlaanderen.be/nl/onderwijspersoneel/van-basis-tot-volwassenenonderwijs/lespraktijk/extended-reality-in-de-klas (accessed on 7 March 2025).
[25] WAM (2022), Hamdan bin mohammed launches Dubai metaverse strategy, https://www.wam.ae/en/details/1395303067141 (accessed on 10 March 2025).
[26] Zhengfuwang (2023), 工业和信息化部办公厅 教育部办公厅 文化和旅游部办公厅 国务院国资委办公厅 广电总局办公厅关于印发《元宇宙产业创新发展三年行动计划(2023—2025年)》的通知, https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202309/content_6903023.htm (accessed on 16 May 2025).