This policy paper has been authored by Edward Perry (Biodiversity Policy Analyst) and Katia Karousakis (Biodiversity Team Lead) of the OECD Environment Directorate. It has been prepared under the oversight of Walid Oueslati, Head of the Climate, Biodiversity and Water Division.
The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful exchanges, feedback and comments on this paper from OECD colleagues namely, Mauro Migotto, Klas Wetterberg and Raphael Jachnik (ENV); Bram Edens, Bettina Wistrom and Amanda Penistone (SDD); and Juan Casado-Asensio, Daniela Ibarra Díaz and Marisa Berbegal Ibáñez (DCD). Contributions from Nicolina Lamhauge (ENV) on an earlier version are also gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to delegates of the OECD Working Party on Biodiversity, Water and Ecosystems (WPBWE) for feedback on the scoping of this work and its methodology.
The paper has also benefitted from helpful exchanges and discussions with Carolina Ardi and Isabelle Remond-Tiedrez (EUROSTAT), Aude Neville (European Commission – Joint Research Centre) and Zsolt Miskolczi (European Commission). The authors would also like to thank Martin Vaquié, bloomslabs, for data provided on voluntary biodiversity credits.
The authors are also grateful to Elodie Prata Leal and Sama Al Taher Cucci of the OECD Environment Directorate for their invaluable support throughout the preparation and publication of this paper.
The OECD Secretariat also gratefully acknowledges voluntary contributions from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium and Switzerland to support this work.