This Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2025 report provides up-to-date monitoring and evaluation of agricultural policies across 54 countries from across the world, including the 38 OECD countries and the five non-OECD EU Member States, and eleven emerging and developing economies: Argentina, Brazil, People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, the Philippines, the Russian Federation,1 South Africa, Ukraine and Viet Nam. It is the 38th in the series of the OECD Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation reports, and the 13th report to include both OECD countries and emerging and developing economies.
The report provides insights into the increasingly complex nature of agricultural policy and is based on the OECD’s comprehensive system for measuring and classifying support to agriculture — the Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSE and CSE) and related indicators. These indicators provide comparable information across countries on the nature and extent of support and serve as a basis for the OECD’s Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation. This 2025 report also contains a focus chapter looking at the increasingly relevant nexus between agro-food trade and the environment, in the context of the 30th anniversary of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture and the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30).
The report is structured as follows. The Executive Summary synthesises the key findings of the report. Chapter 1 focuses on the trade and environment nexus by examining the evolution of agro-food trade since the establishment of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, analysing how the environmental sustainability of the agro-food system has been addressed in the context of agro-food trade, and exploring the links of public policies to measure and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with agro-food trade. Chapter 2 provides a high-level analysis of developments in the level and structure of government support to agriculture. Chapter 3 reviews policy developments in 2024-25 across the countries covered, and reports on the latest data on agricultural policy support by country. The report then includes individual chapters for each of the countries covered (the European Union, which has a Common Agricultural Policy, is presented as a single chapter). Country chapters begin with snapshots containing brief summaries of developments in agricultural policies and support as well as country-specific policy recommendations. This is followed by more comprehensive descriptions of agricultural policy developments, including related to efforts towards fostering sustainable productivity growth in agriculture. The chapter on the European Union also includes a series of snapshots for individual member states.
The Executive Summary as well as Chapters 1, 2 and 3 are published under the responsibility of the OECD Committee for Agriculture. The remainder of the report is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.