Accelerating Sustainable Infrastructure Investments

Abbreviations and acronyms

Abbreviation	Full term
ADB	Asian Development Bank
AFD	Agence Française de Développement
AFOLU	Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
AFSA	Astana Financial Services Authority
AIIB	Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
AIFC	Astana International Finance Centre
aimag	subnational administrative unit in Mongolia
AIRI	Asia Infrastructure Research Institute
AIX	Astana International Exchange
AMDAL	Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (Environmental Impact Assessment – Indonesia)
ARDFM	Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market (Kazakhstan)
ASEAN	Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASDR	Agency for Strategic Development and Reforms (Uzbekistan)
ASW	ASEAN Single Window
BAU	Business as Usual
BAT	Best Available Techniques
BB	Bureau of the Budget (Thailand)
BBM	Build Better More programme (Philippines)
BCG	Bio‑Circular‑Green Economy Model (Thailand)
BCR	Benefit‑Cost Ratio
BI	Bank Indonesia (Bank of Indonesia)
BMTA	Bangkok Mass Transit Authority
BOI	Board of Investment (Thailand)
BoM	Bank of Mongolia
BOT	Bank of Thailand
BPS	Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik)
BRI	Belt and Road Initiative
BRT	Bus Rapid Transit
BSP	Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines)
CAPEX	Capital Expenditure
CAREC	Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation
CASI	Capacity Building Alliance of Sustainable Investment
CBA	Cost‑Benefit Analysis
CBAM	Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
CBI	Climate Bonds Initiative
CCDR	Country Climate and Development Report
CCET	Climate Change Expenditure Tagging (Philippines)
CCfD	Carbon Contracts for Difference
CCC	Climate Change Commission (Philippines)
CCS	Carbon Capture and Storage
CCUS	Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage
CEDAW	Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
CEFI	Clean Energy Finance and Investment
CEFIM	Clean Energy Finance and Investment Mobilisation
CERR	Centre for Economic Research and Reforms (Uzbekistan)
CHP	Combined Heat and Power
CKU Railway	China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway
CO	Carbon Monoxide
CO2	Carbon Dioxide
CO2e	Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
CoG	Centre of Government
COP	Conference of the Parties (UNFCCC)
CPI	Climate Policy Initiative
CRIG	Climate Resilient Infrastructure Guidelines (Philippines)
CRMS	Climate Risk Management and Scenario Analysis
CSSP	Cross‑Sectoral Strategic Plan (Gender Equality – Mongolia)
DAC	Development Assistance Committee (OECD)
DBK	Development Bank of Kazakhstan
DBM	Department of Budget and Management (Philippines)
DCCE	Department of Climate Change and Environment (Thailand)
DDP	Deep Decarbonisation Pathway(s)
DDPM	Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (Thailand)
DENR	Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippines)
DepDev	Department of Economy, Planning and Development (Philippines)
DIW	Department of Industrial Works (Thailand)
DJPPR	Directorate General of Budget Financing and Risk Management (Indonesia)
DME	Dimethyl Ether
DNSH	Do No Significant Harm
DOE	Department of Energy (Philippines)
DOH	Department of Highways (Thailand)
DOTr	Department of Transportation (Philippines)
DPWH	Department of Public Works and Highways (Philippines)
DRR	Department of Rural Roads (Thailand)
EAF	Electric Arc Furnace
EATR	Effective Average Tax Rate
EBRD	European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ECC	Environmental Clearance Certificate
EEC	Eastern Economic Corridor (Thailand)
EEP	Energy Efficiency Plan (Thailand)
EIA	Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS	Environmental Impact Statement
EMDEs	Emerging Market and Developing Economies
EMTR	Effective Marginal Tax Rate
ENPF	Unified Accumulative Pension Fund (Kazakhstan)
ENTEC	National Energy Technology Center (Thailand)
ERC	Expert Review Committee (Thailand)
ESG	Environmental, Social and Governance
ESIA	Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ETS	Emissions Trading System
EU	European Union
EU ETS	European Union Emissions Trading System
EV	Electric Vehicle
EVOSS	Energy Virtual One‑Stop Shop (Philippines)
FDI	Foreign Direct Investment
FPIC	Free, Prior and Informed Consent
FOLU	Forestry and Other Land Use
FRC	Financial Regulatory Commission (Mongolia)
FSC	Financial Stability Council (Mongolia)
GCF	Green Climate Fund
GDP	Gross Domestic Product
GEDSI	Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion
GEFF	Green Economy Financing Facility
GEM	Global Energy Monitor
GFCF	Gross Fixed Capital Formation
GESI	Gender Equality and Social Inclusion
GHG	Greenhouse Gas
GIH	Global Infrastructure Hub
GSSS	Green, Social, Sustainability and Sustainability‑Linked (Bonds)
Gt	Gigatonne
GW	Gigawatt
HPA	Hydrogen Purchase Agreement
HPP	Hydropower Plant
ICAP	International Carbon Action Partnership
ICMA	International Capital Market Association
ICT	Information and Communications Technology
ICTEC	International Centre for Trade and Economic Co‑operation
IDDRI	Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations
IDI	International Development International
IEA	International Energy Agency
IEEFA	Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis
IFS	Institute of Finance and Sustainability
IFI	International Financial Institution
IGIs	Infrastructure Governance Indicators (OECD)
IKI	International Climate Initiative
IMD	International Institute for Management Development
IMF	International Monetary Fund
INFF	Integrated National Financing Framework
IPP	Independent Power Producer
IPPU	Industrial Processes and Product Use
IRENA	International Renewable Energy Agency
IRR	Internal Rate of Return
ISSB	International Sustainability Standards Board
ITF	International Transport Forum
ITSF	Inter‑Agency Technical Working Group for Sustainable Finance (Philippines)
JETP	Just Energy Transition Partnership
KASE	Kazakhstan Stock Exchange
KAZ	Kazakhstan
KLHS	Strategic Environmental Assessment (Indonesia)
KLM	Macroprudential Liquidity Incentive (Indonesia)
km	Kilometre
ktoe	Kilotonnes of Oil Equivalent
kWh	Kilowatt‑hour
LCY	Local Currency
LEDS	Low Emission Development Strategy
LMA	Loan Market Association
LNG	Liquefied Natural Gas
LPG	Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LPI	Logistics Performance Index
LRT	Light Rail Transit
LT‑LEDS	Long‑Term Low‑Emission Development Strategy
LTS	Long‑Term Strategy
LULUCF	Land Use, Land‑Use Change and Forestry
MDB	Multilateral Development Bank
MEAL	Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning
MED	Ministry of Economy and Development (Mongolia)
MEMR	Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Indonesia)
MIIT	Ministry of Investments, Industry and Trade (Uzbekistan)
MMC	Mining and Metallurgical Complex
MoF	Ministry of Finance
MOE	Ministry of Energy (Thailand)
MNRE	Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Thailand)
MRV	Monitoring, Reporting and Verification
MRT	Mass Rapid Transit
MSFA	Mongolian Sustainable Finance Association
MtCO2e	Million tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
NAP	National Adaptation Plan
NAP BHR	National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights
NbS	Nature‑Based Solutions
NCCAP	National Climate Change Action Plan (Philippines)
NDC	Nationally Determined Contribution
NDCIP	Nationally Determined Contribution Implementation Plan (Philippines)
NECR	Net Effective Carbon Rate
NESDC	National Economic and Social Development Council (Thailand)
NESDP	National Economic and Social Development Plan (Thailand)
NGFS	Network for Greening the Financial System
NIP	National Infrastructure Plan (Kazakhstan)
NOx	Nitrogen Oxides
NPV	Net Present Value
NREP	National Renewable Energy Program (Philippines)
NSO	National Statistics Office (Mongolia)
NTP	National Transport Policy (Philippines)
OCD	Office of Civil Defense (Philippines)
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development
OJK	Financial Services Authority, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (Indonesia)
OP	Office of the President (Philippines)
OPDC	Office of Public Sector Development Commission (Thailand)
OPEX	Operating Expenditure
P4I	Partnership for Infrastructure
PCSD	Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development
PCW	Philippine Commission on Women
PEFA	Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability
PEP	Philippine Energy Plan
PDP	Philippine Development Plan (Philippines) / Power Development Plan (Thailand)
PFM	Public Financial Management
PHP	Philippine Peso
PIERS	PPP and Infrastructure Evaluation and Rating System
PIP	Public Investment Program
PLN	State Electricity Company (Indonesia)
PM2.5	Particulate Matter ≤2.5 microns
PPA	Power Purchase Agreement
PPP	Public-Private Partnership
PR	Presidential Resolution / Decree
PRC	People’s Republic of China
PSA	Philippine Statistics Authority
PSF	People’s Survival Fund (Philippines)
PUVMP	Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (Philippines)
RBC	Responsible Business Conduct
REC	Regional Environmental Centre
RDF	Refuse Derived Fuel
REDP	Renewable Energy Development Plan (Thailand)
RIPIN	National Industrial Development Master Plan (Indonesia)
ROI	Return on Investment
RPJMN	National Medium‑Term Development Plan (Indonesia)
RPJPN	National Long‑Term Development Plan (Indonesia)
Ro‑Ro	Roll‑On / Roll‑Off
RUPTL	Electricity Supply Business Plan (Indonesia)
SAVi	Sustainable Asset Valuation
SEA	Strategic Environmental Assessment
SDG / SDGs	Sustainable Development Goal(s)
SEC	Securities and Exchange Commission (Thailand)
SET	Stock Exchange of Thailand
SFGP	Sustainable Finance Guiding Principles (Philippines)
SFR	Sustainable Finance Roadmap (Philippines)
SFTG	Sustainable Finance Taxonomy Guidelines (Philippines)
SIPA	Sustainable Infrastructure Programme in Asia
SLB	Sustainability‑Linked Bond
SME	Small and Medium‑Sized Enterprise
SMR	Small Modular Reactor
SOE	State‑Owned Enterprise
SPT	Sustainability Performance Target
SSP	Shared Socioeconomic Pathway
SUMP / SUMPs	Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan(s)
TCFD	Task Force on Climate‑related Financial Disclosures
TCTC	Trans‑Caspian Transport Corridor
TJ	Terajoule
TKBI	Indonesia Sustainable Finance Taxonomy
TPES	Total Primary Energy Supply
TWh	Terawatt‑hour
UCA	University of Central Asia
UBTZ	Ulaanbaatar Railway
UKS	Uzkimyosanoat
UN	United Nations
UNCTAD	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNECE	United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
UNESCAP	United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
UNFCCC	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNICEF	United Nations Children’s Fund
UNOPS	United Nations Office for Project Services
USD	United States Dollar
UZB	Uzbekistan
UZS	Uzbekistani Som
WASH	Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
WB	World Bank
WEF	World Economic Forum
WHO	World Health Organization
WRI	World Resources Institute
WTW	Well‑to‑Wheel
WWF	World Wide Fund for Nature / World Wildlife Fund
ZEV	Zero Emission Vehicle