A New Model for Strengthening Public‑Private Partnerships in Employment Services in Italy

Glossary of acronyms

ADI	Assegno di inclusione, Inclusion Allowance is a social assistance benefit introduced in 2024. It focusses on providing financial support to low-income families, while encouraging labour market activation for those able to work.
ALMP	Active Labour Market Policy
ANPAL	Agenzia Nazionale Politiche Attive Lavoro, the Italian National Agency for Labour Policies, established in 2015 to co‑ordinate employment services across Italy and ceased operation in 2024 when its functions were integrated into the Ministry of Labour and Social Policies (MLPS).
APL	Agenzie per il Lavoro, private employment agencies that are authorised to provide services related to employment, recruitment, and labour market integration.
ATI	Associazione Temporanea di Imprese, Temporary Business Association is a formal collaboration or partnership between multiple accredited organisations (e.g. training providers, employment service providers) that come together to deliver services for a specific project or programme. Only commercial enterprises registered with the Chamber of Commerce can form an ATI.
ATS	Associazione Temporanea di Scopo, Temporary Association of Purpose is a collaboration between multiple accredited entities for achieving a specific purpose, often used by non-profit, third-sector, or mixed entities for carrying out a time‑limited project. Similar to ATI, it involves a lead entity responsible for co‑ordinating and representing the group, with all members jointly liable.
CIE	Counterfactual Impact Evaluation.
CPI	Centri per l’Impiego, public employment centres.
DID	Dichiarazione di Immediata Disponibilità, Declaration of Immediate Availability is the document that an unemployed person submits to an employment centre to officially declare their readiness to work and their active job-seeking status.
DIS-COLL	Indennità di Disoccupazione per i Collaboratori, monthly unemployment benefit specifically for support contract workers, research fellows, and PhD students on scholarships who are exclusively registered under the INPS Separate Pension Scheme.
ESF	European Social Fund
ESF+	European Social Fund Plus
GOL	Garanzia Occupabilità dei Lavoratori, the Workers’ Employability Guarantee Programme.
INAPP	Istituto Nazionale per l’Analisi delle Politiche Pubbliche, the Italian National Institute for Public Policy Analysis.
INPS	Istituto Nazionale per la Previdenza Sociale, the National Social Security Institute.
IVC	Individuazione, Validazione e Certificazione delle Competenze, the Identification, Validation and Certification of Skills is a structured system aimed at formally recognising the skills developed by workers through formal, non-formal, and informal learning paths.
LEP	Livelli Essenziali dell Prestazione, Essential Levels of Performance are the minimum set of services and standards that all regions must guarantee to ensure equal access to ALMPs across the country.
MLPS	Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali, the Ministry of Labour and Social Policies.
NASPI	Nuova Assicurazione Sociale per l’Impiego, contribution-based unemployment benefit for involuntary job loss administered by INPS.
NEET	The population of young people who are classified as “Not in Employment, Education, or Training”.
PAR	Piano Attuativo Regionale, the Regional Implementation Plan detailing how each Italian region implements the GOL Programme.
PES	Public employment services
PNRR	Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza, the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of Italy.
PSP	Patto di Servizio Personalizzato, the Personalised Service Pact, an agreement signed between the participant and the CPI that defines the participant’s commitments, the services to be provided and the common goal.
RCT	Randomised Control Trials
SAP	Scheda Anagrafica Professionale, the individual professional data sheet used by Italy’s PES to record and manage jobseeker’s personal, educational and work history.
SFL	Supporto per la Formazione e il Lavoro, Support for Training and Labour is a fixed monthly allowance paid during participation in active employment measures to unemployed individuals who do not qualify for other income support.
SIISL	Sistema Informativo per l’Inclusione Sociale e Lavorativa, the Information System for Social and Work Inclusion created to facilitate job search and support inclusion in training and active employment policies.
SPID	Sistema Pubblico di Identità Digitale, the Public System for Digital Identity.
UCS	Unità di Costo Standard, Standard Cost Units are predetermined standard cost rates applied per unit of activity (e.g. per training hour, participant, or service delivered) mainly in ESF and PNRR-funded programmes to finance and reimburse projects based on outputs rather than actual incurred costs.