A Decade of OECD Competition Trends, Data and Insights

Annex B. Evolution of relevant CompStats variables

This annex presents the evolution of all variables available in the CompStats database, in totals per year, by OECD Membership. The Excel file available on the website contains aggregated data on totals, averages and medians, including by region. The file also includes all the graphs presented in this report and its annexes.

Mergers

Figure A ‎B.1. Total merger notifications (left) and decisions (right), 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 59 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data on merger notifications and merger decisions for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Table A ‎B.1. Merger decisions by type, OECD countries

Jurisdiction	Merger regime	Total merger notifications	Phase I clearances (or expiration of waiting period)	Phase I clearances, with remedies	Phase II clearances (or expiration of waiting period)	Phase II clearances, with remedies	Total merger prohibi-tions	Withdrawn notifications
Australia	One Phase	3 337	3 236	40	–	–	11	30
Austria	Two Phase	4 265	4 172	26	1	12	1	20
Belgium	Two Phase	307	265	17	1	3	0	2
Canada	Two Phase	2 141	1 471	0	580	54	8	15
Chile	Two Phase	322	285	17	5	7	4	3
Colombia	Two Phase	1 316	314	0	138	26	4	18
Costa Rica*	Two Phase	358	214	13	11	4	2	4
Czechia	Two Phase	496	446	15	14	4	1	1
Denmark	Two Phase	531	461	5	19	14	0	6
Estonia	Two Phase	416	372	1	17	8	3	7
European Union	Two Phase	3 760	3 468	116	9	44	9	24
Finland	Two Phase	373	327	0	12	23	2	11
France	Two Phase	2 602	2 391	68	5	3	2	52
Germany	Two Phase	11 330	10 954	0	35	11	9	31
Greece	Two Phase	170	124	2	23	9	0	2
Hungary	Two Phase	610	504	1	26	7	1	1
Iceland	Two Phase	337	184	10	82	40	6	8
Ireland	Two Phase	702	670	19	21	15	2	5
Israel	Two Phase	1 966	1 659	0	187	31	16	37
Italy	Two Phase	702	624	0	2	39	1	2
Japan	Two Phase	3 198	3 082	16	15	9	0	22
Korea	Two Phase	8 183	7 913	0	241	29	2	17
Latvia	Two Phase	183	138	0	46	4	2	1
Lithuania	Two Phase	310	236	0	41	7	8	6
Mexico	Two Phase	1 599	1 473	6	37	11	9	3
Netherlands	Two Phase	1 225	1 150	8	19	9	6	9
New Zealand	One Phase	103	95	14	–	–	2	9
Norway	Two Phase	1 187	1 134	1	16	13	9	6
Poland	Two Phase	2 839	2 526	1	56	18	8	20
Portugal	Two Phase	635	595	6	3	5	3	5
Slovak Republic	Two Phase	267	232	2	6	7	0	6
Slovenia	Two Phase	391	284	7	1	3	1	5
Spain	Two Phase	889	820	39	6	8	0	6
Sweden	Two Phase	879	850	5	15	3	3	5
Switzerland	Two Phase	348	327	0	12	0	2	0
Türkiye	Two Phase	2 306	2 249	5	19	22	2	10
United Kingdom	Two Phase	515	355	93	25	24	18	27
United States	Two Phase	21 306	20 792	24	197	195	51	81

Notes: Data based on the 38 OECD jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for merger decisions, by type, for the period 2015-2024. Classifications on whether a regime has a single or two-phase regime are done according to what is provided for in the merger laws.

* Costa Rica underwent a relevant change in its competition regime in 2019, in which, among other changes, the merger regime went from having a single to having a two-phase review.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Table A ‎B.2. Merger decisions by type, non-OECD countries

Jurisdiction	Merger Regime	Total merger notifications	Phase I clearances (or expiration of waiting period)	Phase I clearances, with remedies	Phase II clearances (or expiration of waiting period)	Phase II clearances, with remedies	Total merger prohibi-tions	Withdrawn notifications
Albania	Two Phase	302	300	1	0	1	0	2
Argentina	Two Phase	790	821	16	80	3	0	0
Barbados	Two Phase	20	3	1	12	1	1	0
Brazil	One Phase	5 070	4 806	55	–	–	7	33
Bulgaria	Two Phase	351	251	1	7	0	4	1
Chinese Taipei	Two Phase	612	281	1	15	9	3	1
COMESA*	One Phase	402	188	13	103	17	1	11
Croatia	Two Phase	157	114	0	3	4	0	1
Ecuador**	Two Phase	177	110	11	16	5	0	5
El Salvador	Two Phase	Not available	103	44	0	0	0	1
Indonesia	One Phase	1 433	1 236	8	–	–	1	0
Kazakhstan	One Phase	969	628	55	–	–	133	13
Kenya	One Phase	1 040	557	59	–	–	0	1
Malta	Two Phase	88	81	0	1	2	1	2
Mauritius	Two Phase	55	51	0	0	7	0	1
Panama	One Phase	29	5	2	–	–	0	0
Paraguay	Two Phase	82	4	0	51	8	1	2
Peru	Two Phase	72	57	1	2	5	1	5
Philippines	Two Phase	310	189	5	7	5	1	5
Romania	Two Phase	848	683	17	0	0	0	17
Saudi Arabia	One Phase	1 049	913	4	–	–	2	8
Singapore	Two Phase	63	52	2	2	2	1	3
Trinidad and Tobago	One Phase	37	4	0	–	–	0	0
Tunisia	One Phase	61	44	3	–	–	1	0
Ukraine	Two Phase	5 709	4 461	0	241	19	0	399

Note: Data based on the 25 non-OECD jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for merger decisions, by type, for the period 2015-2024. Classifications on whether a regime has a single or two-phase regime are done according to what is provided for in the merger laws.

* COMESA underwent a relevant change in its merger regime in 2020, in which, among other changes, the regime went from having two to having a single-phase review.

** Ecuador underwent a relevant change in its merger regime in 2021, in which, among other changes, the regime went from having a single to having a two-phase review.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.2. Share of merger decisions, by type, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 59 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for merger decisions by type for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.3. Intervention rate by jurisdiction

Notes: The intervention rate is the share of mergers approved with remedies, prohibited or challenged over total merger decisions.

Data based on the jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for merger remedies and merger prohibitions or challenges for the period 2015-2024.

The colour of each line indicates the trend that the intervention rate followed for the jurisdiction during the decade. Green represents an increasing trend, blue a stable trend and pink a decreasing trend.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.4. Total withdrawn mergers, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 58 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for withdrawn mergers for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Market studies

Figure A ‎B.5. Total number of market studies, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 60 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for market studies for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Cartel enforcement

Figure A ‎B.6. Total cartel infringement decisions (left) and investigations (right) per year, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 60 and 52 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for cartel decisions and investigations, respectively, for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.7. Total fines imposed in 2015 EUR (left) and companies fined (right) in cartel cases, 2015-2024

Note: Sanctions are adjusted using exchange rates for 31 December 2015 per jurisdiction. Data based on the 61 and 60 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for cartel fines and companies fined respectively for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.8. Total cartel cases in which fines on individuals were imposed by the competition authority or by a court (excluding appeals) (left) and total cartel cases in which imprisonment was imposed (right), 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 45 and 28 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for cartel cases in which fines on individuals and imprisonment were imposed respectively for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.9. Total number of cartel cases in which settlements or plea bargain procedures for settling infringement cases and/or commitment or other negotiated procedures were used, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 55 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for cartel settlements or commitments for the period 2015-2024. The total represents the sum of cartel settlements or plea bargains and cartel commitments and other negotiated procedures per year.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.10. Total leniency applications per year, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 46 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for leniency applications for the period 2015-2024. This figure does not present information from the United States competition agencies.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.11. Total number of cartel cases in which a dawn raid was carried out, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 50 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for cartel dawn raids for the period 2015-2024. This figure does not present information from the United States competition agencies.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Abuse of dominance enforcement

Figure A ‎B.12. Total number of abuse of dominance infringement decisions (left) and investigations (right), 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 60 and 59 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for abuse of dominance infringement decisions and investigations, respectively, for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.13. Total fines imposed in 2015 EUR (left) and total number of cases in which companies were fined (right) in abuse of dominance, 2015-2024

Note: Sanctions are adjusted using exchange rates for 31 December 2015 per jurisdiction. Data based on the 59 and 58 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for abuse of dominance fines and companies fined respectively for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.14. Total number of abuse of dominance cases in which settlements or plea bargain procedures for settling infringement cases and/or commitment or other negotiated procedures were used, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 52 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for abuse of dominance settlements or commitments for the period 2015-2024. The total represents the sum of abuse of dominance settlements or plea bargains and cartel commitments and other negotiated procedures per year.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.15. Total number of abuse of dominance cases where dawn raids were carried out, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 47 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for abuse of dominance dawn raids for the period 2015-2024. This figure does not present information from the United States competition agencies.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Resources

Figure A ‎B.16. Total competition budget in EUR 2015 and in real terms, 2015-2024

Note: Competition budgets are adjusted using exchange rates for 31 December 2015 per jurisdiction. Data based on the 56 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for competition budget for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.

Figure A ‎B.17. Total staff working on competition, 2015-2024

Note: Data based on the 63 jurisdictions in the OECD CompStats database that provided data for staff working on competition for the period 2015-2024.

Source: OECD CompStats database.