Air pollution effects are the impacts of airborne fine particulate matter on human mortality.

Fine particulate matter are finely divided solids or liquids that may be dispersed through the air from combustion processes, industrial activities or natural sources. Fine particles (PM2.5) are defined as solid particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 µm.

At this size, when inhaled, exposure has been shown to cause serious health problems including both respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Fine particles (PM2.5) considerably increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, having its most severe effects on children and elderly people.

This indicator is measured as the number of premature deaths per one million inhabitants.