Services are traded internationally in several ways. The GATS defines these different modes of supply as: (1) cross-border supply; (2) consumption abroad; (3) commercial presence; and (4) the presence of natural persons. For trade policymakers and negotiators, it is important to have a quantitative understanding of these modes, with detailed data on bilateral trade flows with major partners. TiVA-MoS provides insights on how firms engage in services trade, particularly in supply chains and through commercial presence worldwide.
While modes of supply are of analytical importance to comprehend services trade, the identification of modes of supply following GATS definition requires information that is generally not recorded in national statistics. TiVA-MoS indicators are therefore a result of an effort to try to address these challenges. They present estimates of these modes, based on national accounts, balance of payments statistics, and more broadly the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) and Analytical AMNE frameworks.
The TiVA-MOS database presents adapted TiVA indicators extended by mode of supply consistent with output and value added in the TiVA and ICIO databases. Like TiVA, it covers 76 economies (plus the “rest of the world”) and 19 unique service industries over the period of 1995-2020. For more information on the database’s dimensions and indicators, please see the data and read me files below.
