Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Bosnia and Herzegovina

Acronyms and abbreviations

ACER	Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators
AEO	Authorised economic operator
AEOI	Automatic exchange of information
AI	Artificial intelligence
AIF	Alternative investment funds
AIFMD	Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive
AKIS	Agriculture knowledge and innovation system
AMIS	Agricultural Management Information systems
AMLD5	Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive
APOSO	Agency for Preschool, Primary and Secondary Education
AZLP	Agency for Personal Data Protection
BAM	Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
BAN	Business angel network
BARS	Banking Agency of Republika Srpska
BATs	Best available techniques
BCP	Border crossing point
BCSD	Business Council for Sustainable Development
BD	Brčko District
BEIS	Business, energy and industrial strategy
BEPS	Base erosion and profit shifting
BHDCA	Bosnia and Herzegovina Directorate of Civil Aviation
BHEPA	Bosnia and Herzegovina Export Promotion Agency
BiH	Bosnia and Herzegovina
BIT	Bilateral investment treaty
BLSE	Banja Luka Stock Exchange
BREF	Best available techniques reference documents
CAP	EU Common Agricultural Policy
CBA	Cost-benefit analysis
CBAM	Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
CbC	Country-by-country
CBIT	Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency
CCAC	Climate and Clean Air Coalition
CEDS	Common Education Data Standards
CEFTA	Central European Free Trade Agreement
CEFTA SEED+	Central European Free Trade Agreement – Systematic Exchange of Electronic Data+
CEFTA TRACES NT	Central European Free Trade Agreement – Trade Control and Expert System New Technology
CERTs	Computer emergency response teams
CIT	Corporate income tax
CLP	Classification, labelling and packaging
CMOs	Common market organisations
CO	Competitiveness Outlook
CoE	Council of Europe
COST	European Cooperation in Science and Technology
CRA	Communications Regulatory Agency of BiH
CzDA	Czech Development Agency
DIH	Digital innovation hubs
DLT	Distributed ledger technology
DMOs	Destination management organisations
DPO	Data protection officer
DSO	Distribution system operator
EBRD	European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC	European Commission
ECEC	Early childhood education and care
EDI	Electronic data interchange
EDP	Entrepreneurial discovery process
EEA	European Environment Agency
EEAS	European External Action Service
EECC	European Electronic Communications Code
EFTA	European Free Trade Agreement
EIB	European Investment Bank
eIDAS	Electronic identification, authentication and trust services
EIPPCB	European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau
EIS	European Innovation Scoreboard
EMD2	Second Electronic Money Directive
EMF	Electromagnetic field
ENISA	European Union Agency for Cybersecurity
EOSC	European Open Science Cloud
EPR	Extended producer responsibility
EQF	European Qualifications Framework
ERP	Economic Reform Programme
ESAP	Environmental Strategy and Action Plan
ETC	European Travel Commission
ETS	Emissions trading system
EU	European Union
EUR	euro
EUSAIR	European Union Strategy for the Adriatic Ionian Region
EV	Electric vehicle
EVCS	Electric vehicle charging stations
FADN	Farm Accountancy Data Network, replaced by the FSDN
FABCE	Functional Airspace Block Central Europe
FBA	Banking Agency of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
FBiH	Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
FDI	Foreign direct investment
FERK	FBiH Regulatory Commission for Energy
FINRA	Financial Reform Sector Activity
FIPA	Foreign Investment Promotion Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
FSDN	Farm Sustainability Data Network
FTAs	Free Trade Agreements
FTC BiH	Foreign Trade Chamber of Bosnia and Herzegovina
FTS	Framework Transport Strategy
GDP	Gross domestic product
GDPR	EU General Data Protection Regulation
GEF	Global Environment Facility
GERD	Gross domestic expenditure on research and development
GHG	Greenhouse gas
GIs	Geographical indicators
GIS	Geographic information systems
GIZ	Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
GloBE	Global Anti-Base Erosion
GRECO	Group of States against Corruption
GST	Goods and services tax
ha	Hectare
HEIs	Higher education institutions
IBRD	International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICBL	Innovation Centre Banja Luka
ICESP	Italian Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform
ICILS	International Computer and Information Literacy Study
ICT	Information and communication technology
IDDEEA	Agency for Identification Documents, Registers and Data Exchange
IFAD	International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFIs	International financial institutions
ILO	International Labour Organization
IMF	International Monetary Fund
IMPAQ	Improving Air Quality and Air Management
INTERA	Foundation for Innovation and Technology Development
IPARD	Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance for Rural Development
IPPC	Integrated pollution prevention and control
IPR	Intellectual property rights
IRBRS	Republika Srpska Investment-Development Bank
ISCED	International Standard Classification of Education
ISP	Intesa Sanpaolo Banka D.D. Bosna i Hercegovina
IT	Information technology
ITA	Indirect taxation authority
ITE	Initial teacher education
ITF	International Transport Forum
ITU	International Telecommunication Union
IWW	Inland waterway
JBCPs	Joint border crossing points
JRC	European Commission’s Joint Research Centre
JSI	Joint State Initiative
KPIs	Key performance indicators
LAGs	Local action groups
LEZs	Low emission zones
LPIS	Land parcel identification system
MAWMF	FBiH Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry
MAFWD	RS Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Development
MCT	Ministry of Communications and Transport
MNRVOID	Ministry of Scientific and Technological Development, Higher Education and Information Society
MoCA	Ministry of Civil Affairs
MoFTER	Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations
MRV	Monitoring, reporting and verification
MSCA	Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action
NAP	National Adaptation Plan
NCTS	New computerised transit system
NDC	Nationally Determined Contributions
NECP	National Energy and Climate Plan
NEET	Not in education, employment, or training
NGO	Non-governmental organisation
NI4OS	National Initiative for Open Science in Europe
NIS	Network and information systems
NTOs	National tourist organisations
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OGP	Open Government Partnership
OSH	Occupational safety and health
PAR	Public Administration Reform
PHPA	Administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina for Plant Health Protection
PISA	Programme for International Student Assessment
PIT	Personal income tax
PPP	Public-Private Partnership
PRTR	Pollutant Release and Transfer Register
PSD2	Second Payment Services Directive
QDMTT	Qualified domestic minimum top-up tax
RAMS	Road asset management system
R&D	Research and development
RCC	Regional Cooperation Council
REACH	Registration, evaluation, authorisation, and restriction of chemicals
RERS	Regulatory Commission for Energy of RS
RES	Renewable energy sources
RF	Radio frequency
RITTD	Research, innovation, technology transfer and digitalisation
RS	Republika Srpska
RSSC	Republic of Srpska Securities Commission
S3	Smart Specialisation Strategy
SAA	Stabilisation and Association Agreement
SASE	Sarajevo Stock Exchange
SDGs	Sustainable Development Goals
SDPPSE	Strategy for the Development of Preschool, Primary, and Secondary Education
SEI	Stockholm Environment Institute
SEPA	Single Euro Payments Area
SERC	State Electricity Regulatory Commission
SES	Single European Sky
SIBs	Systemically important banks
Sida	Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SMEs	Small and medium-sized enterprises
SOPs	Standard Operating Procedures
SPIs	Safety performance indicators
SPP	Single project pipeline
SPS	Sanitary and phytosanitary
SSCs	Social security contributions
STI	Science, technology and innovation
STP	Science and technology park
SUMP	Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan
SWG RRD	Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group
TALIS	OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey
TCC	Coalition for the competitiveness of tourism
TCT	Transport Community Treaty
TFA	Trade facilitation agreement
TFI	Trade facilitation indicators
TIMSS	Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
TORS	Tourist Organisation of RS
TPP	Third-party payment services providers
TRACES NT	Trade Control and Expert System New Technology
TSIs	EU Technical Specifications for Interoperability
TTC	Total transfer capacity
UCITS	Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities
UIS	UNESCO Institute for Statistics
UNCTAD	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNECE	United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
UNESCO	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNICEF	United Nations Children's Fund
UNWTO	United Nations World Tourism Organization
USAID	United States Agency for International Development
USD	United States Dollar
VAT	Value added tax
VET	Vocational education and training
VOC	Volatile Organic Compounds
WB6	Western Balkan 6
WBIF	Western Balkans Investment Framework
WBL	Work-based learning
WCAG	Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
WCO	World Customs Organization
WEEE	Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
WHO	World Health Organization