| AGM | annual general meeting |
| AI | artificial intelligence |
| AMCs | asset management companies |
| AFS | Australian Financial Services |
| ASIC | Australian Securities & Investments Commission |
| ASX | Australian Securities Exchange |
| AMF | Autorité des marchés financiers (France) |
| BMR | Benchmark Regulation |
| BPP | Best Practice Principles for Shareholder Voting Research Providers |
| BPPG | Best Practice Principles Group |
| BPPOC | Best Practice Principles Oversight Committee |
| BSE | Bombay Stock Exchange |
| BRSR | Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report |
| CSA | Canadian Securities Administrators |
| CRO | chief ratings officer |
| CTBs | Climate Transition Benchmarks |
| CVM | Comisso de Valores Mobiliários (Brazil) |
| CRA | credit rating agencies |
| FSA | Danish Financial Supervisory Authority |
| ESG | environmental, social and governance |
| ERPs | ESG Rating Providers |
| EBA | European Banking Authority |
| ESMA | European Securities and Markets Authority |
| ESAP | European Single Access Point |
| EU | European Union |
| FCA | Financial Conduct Authority (United Kingdom) |
| FRC | Financial Reporting Council (United Kingdom) |
| FSCA | Financial Sector Conduct Authority (South Africa) |
| FSMA | Financial Services and Markets Authority (Belgium) |
| FSC | Financial Services Commission (Korea) |
| FSDC | Financial Stability and Development Council (India) |
| GL | Glass Lewis |
| GICS | Global Industry Classification Standard |
| ISF | Industry Standard Forums |
| IIAS | Institutional Investor Advisory Services (India) |
| ISS | Institutional Shareholder Services |
| IRDAI | Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (India) |
| ICMA | International Capital Markets Association |
| IOSCO | International Organization of Securities Commissions |
| IRSG | International Regulatory Strategy Group |
| ISA | Israeli Securities Authority |
| MAR | Market Abuse Regulation |
| MiFID II | Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II |
| MCA | Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India) |
| NCA | National Competent Authority |
| NSE | National Stock Exchange of India |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| PABs | Paris-Aligned Benchmarks |
| PFRDA | Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (India) |
| RTS | Regulatory Technical Standards |
| RPT | related-party transaction |
| SAAJ | Securities Analysts Association of Japan |
| SEBI | Securities and Exchange Board of India |
| SFC | Securities and Futures Commission (Hong Kong (China)) |
| SRD II | Shareholder Rights Directive II |
| SES | Stakeholder Empowerment Services |
| SFDR | Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation |
The Role of Capital Market Service Providers in Corporate Governance
Proxy Advice, ESG Ratings and Indices
