The digitalisation of trade documents and processes

Annex B. Trade impacts of going paperless

Table A B.1. Impact of policy indicators on trade using ITPD-E database (2012-19)

	(1) All sectors	(2) All sectors	(3) All sectors	(4) All sectors	(5) Agri-food	(6) Manufacturing
lnTFI_automation_ij	1.118***
	(0.009)
lnTFI_auto&docs_ij		1.416***
		(0.034)
lnTFI_auto&docs&proc_ij			2.496***	1.863***	1.266***	2.349***
			(0.063)	(0,009)	(0.169)	(0.060)
DSTRI_Etrans_pay_connect_ij				-3.152*	-2.778	-4.720*
				(2.294)	(2.496)	(2.686)
lnINDIGO_t_ij				0.735***	0.316*	0.708***
				(0.016)	(0.230)	(0.074)
Depth_RTA	0.015**	0.017***	0.018***	0.058***	0.075**	0.059***
	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.006)	(0.018)	(0.006)
Constant	3.641***	3.818***	4.002***	1.506***	-.0154	1.746***
	(0.217)	(0.219)	(0.222)	(0.117)	(0.222)	(0.093)
N	3 259 370	3 259 370	3 259 370	1 255 055	77 008	1 131 155

Note: Estimations using ppmlhdfe, controlling for the presence and depth of an RTA. Reporter-partner, reporter-sector-year and partner-sector-year fixed effects are included but not reported for brevity. Robust standard errors are reported in paratheses. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.

Source: Own calculations using ITPD-E database.