| AI | Artificial intelligence |
| ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
| BERD | Business expenditure on research and development |
| DARPA | US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |
| DND | Digital New Deal |
| ECI | Economic Complexity Index |
| ETRI | Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute |
| EU | European Union |
| EUR | Euro |
| FDI | Foreign direct investment |
| FIR | Foreign input reliance |
| FMR | Foreign market reliance |
| FTE | Full-time equivalent |
| FVA | Foreign value-added |
| GDP | Gross domestic product |
| GERD | Gross expenditure on research and development |
| GHG | Greenhouse gas |
| GII | Global import intensity |
| GND | Green New Deal |
| GOVERD | Government expenditure on research and development |
| GRI | Government research institute |
| GVC | Global value chain |
| HEI | Higher education institution |
| HERD | Higher education expenditure on research and development |
| HHI | Herfindahl-Hirschman Index |
| HRHR | High-risk, high-reward |
| ICT | Information and communications technology |
| IEA | International Energy Agency |
| IP | Intellectual property |
| IPO | Initial public offering |
| KAIST | Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology |
| KARPA | Korea Advanced Research Programme Accelerator |
| KEI | Korea Environment Institute |
| KISTEP | Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning |
| KND | Korean New Deal |
| KRW | Korean won |
| M&A | Mergers and acquisitions |
| MFP | Multifactor Productivity |
| MNC | Multinational corporations |
| MOIP | Mission-oriented innovation policy |
| MOTIE | Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy |
| MSIT | Ministry of Science and ICT |
| NGO | Non-governmental organisation |
| NRF | National Research Foundation |
| NST | National Research Council for Science and Technology |
| ODA | Overseas development assistance |
| OLED | Organic light-emitting diode |
| PACST | Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology |
| PBS | Project-based system |
| PCT | Patent Cooperation Treaty |
| PIAAC | Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies |
| PISA | Programme for International Student Assessment |
| PNP | Private non-profit |
| PPP | Purchasing power parity |
| PRI | Public research institute |
| R&D | Research and development |
| R&I | Research and innovation |
| R&R | Roles and responsibilities |
| RTA | Revealed technology advantage |
| RTO | Research technology organisations |
| S&T | Science and Technology |
| SDG | Sustainable Development Goals |
| SEK | Swedish krona |
| SME | Small and medium enterprise |
| SNU | Seoul National University |
| STEM | Science, technology, engineering and mathematics |
| STI | Science, technology and innovation |
| SWOT | Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats |
| TIPS | Tech Incubator Program for Start-up |
| UNIST | Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology |
| US | United States |
| USD | United States dollar |
OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Korea 2023
