Productivity growth is a key driver of long-term improvements in living standards, and with appropriate policies and institutions, can underpin higher employment, wages, inclusiveness, and environmental sustainability. Reviving productivity growth is a pressing policy priority in the context of its slowdown across many OECD economies over the past decades. Countries’ aggregate productivity growth is predominantly shaped by within-industry dynamics, with a more limited role for reallocation across industries. In turn, the performance of individual industries, and its change over time, is driven by microeconomic factors, notably the performance of individual firms (e.g. reflecting their technology, management, or their workers’ skills), the efficient allocation of production inputs (labour, for example) to more productive firms and the renewal of the business population through firm entry and exit. These Country notes present new findings on the firm-level patterns driving labour productivity in six countries using OECD MultiProd indicators based on firm-level microdata.