Basic statistics of Romania, 2024
Copy link to Basic statistics of Romania, 2024(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)
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LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
19.1 |
Population density per km² |
82.8 |
(39.6) |
|
|
Under 15 (%,) |
15.7 |
(16.7) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2023) |
76.4 |
(81.2) |
|
Over 65 (%) |
20.0 |
(18.6) |
Men (2023) |
72.6 |
(78.6) |
|
International migrant stock (% of population, 2020) |
3.4 |
(15.7) |
Women (2023) |
80.4 |
(83.8) |
|
Latest 5-year average growth (%) |
-0.3 |
(0.5) |
Latest general election |
May-2025 |
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ECONOMY |
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|
Gross domestic product (GDP) |
|
Value added shares (%) |
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|
In current prices (billion USD) |
382.6 |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
3.6 |
(2.5) |
|
|
In current prices (billion RON) |
1 759.2 |
Industry including construction |
27.6 |
(25.3) |
|
|
Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
1.8 |
(1.7) |
Services |
68.8 |
(72.2) |
|
Per capita (thousand USD PPP, OECD: 2023)1 |
49.0 |
(59.0) |
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GENERAL GOVERNMENT |
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|
Expenditure |
43.6 |
(42.7) |
Gross financial debt |
63.5 |
(112.5) |
|
Revenue |
34.2 |
(37.9) |
Net financial debt |
35.7 |
(65.9) |
|
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
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|
Exchange rate (RON per USD) |
4.60 |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|
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|
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1) |
1.88 |
Machinery and electronics |
28.1 |
|
|
|
In per cent of GDP |
Transportation |
19.0 |
|
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|
Exports of goods and services |
35.6 |
(30.3) |
Metals |
8.4 |
|
|
Imports of goods and services |
41.6 |
(29.9) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
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|
Current account balance |
-8.2 |
(-0.4) |
Machinery and electronics |
25.7 |
|
|
Net international investment position |
-40.2 |
Chemicals |
11.1 |
|
|
|
|
Transportation |
11.0 |
|
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LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
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|
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
49.2 |
(58.0) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %) |
5.4 |
(4.9) |
|
Men |
58.6 |
(65.4) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %) |
23.8 |
(11.1) |
|
Women |
40.6 |
(51.0) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %) |
1.8 |
(1.0) |
|
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
52.1 |
(61.0) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %) |
19.2 |
(41.2) |
|
Average hours worked per year |
1 829 |
(1 736) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2022) |
0.5 |
(3.0) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
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|
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2023) |
1.6 |
(3.7) |
CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes) |
3.3 |
(7.5) |
|
Renewables (%) |
17.8 |
(13.1) |
Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2023) |
0.4 |
|
|
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2020) |
99.4 |
(56.5) |
Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2022, OECD: 2023) |
0.3 |
(0.6) |
|
SOCIETY |
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|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2023, OECD: latest available) |
0.282 |
(0.315) |
Education outcomes (PISA 2022 score) |
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Relative poverty rate (%, 2023, OECD: 2022) |
12.7 |
(11.5) |
Reading |
428 |
(476) |
|
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2023, OECD: 2022) |
4.5 |
(30.5) |
Mathematics |
428 |
(472) |
|
Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
Science |
428 |
(485) |
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Health care (2023, OECD: 2024) |
5.7 |
(9.3) |
Share of women in parliament (%) |
19.2 |
(33.3) |
|
Pensions (2021) |
8.9 |
(9.9) |
Net official development assistance (% of GNI) |
0.2 |
(0.4) |
|
Education (total spending, 2021) |
3.4 |
(4.4) |
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Note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table. Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries
1. OECD aggregate refers to weighted average.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.