Basic statistics of Malaysia, 2023
Copy link to Basic statistics of Malaysia, 2023Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average1
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LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
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Population (million, 2022) |
33.9 |
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Population density per km² (2022) |
103.3 |
(39.0) |
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Under 15 (%, 2022) |
22.7 |
(17.2) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2021) |
74.9 |
(78.7) |
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Over 65 (%, 2022) |
7.5 |
(18.0) |
Men (2021) |
72.7 |
(75.9) |
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International migrant stock (% of population, 2020) |
10.5 |
(13.2) |
Women (2021) |
77.4 |
(81.7) |
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Latest 5-year average growth (%) |
1.2 |
(0.4) |
Latest general election |
November |
2022 |
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ECONOMY |
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Gross domestic product (GDP) |
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Value added shares (%, 2022) |
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In current prices (billion USD) |
400.9 |
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Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
9.0 |
(2.8) |
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In current prices (billion MYR) |
1 822.9 |
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Industry including construction |
39.5 |
(28.0) |
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Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
2.8 |
(1.6) |
Services |
51.5 |
(69.2) |
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Per capita (thousand USD PPP, 2020, OECD: 2022) |
27.2 |
(60.2) |
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GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP |
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Expenditure (2022) |
24.7 |
(43.0) |
Gross financial debt (2022) |
65.6 |
(114.5) |
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Revenue (2022) |
19.9 |
(39.6) |
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EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
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Exchange rate (MYR per USD, 2022) |
4.40 |
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Main exports (% of total merchandise exports, 2021) |
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PPP exchange rate (USA = 1, 2022) |
1.58 |
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Machinery and transport equipment |
43.9 |
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In per cent of GDP |
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Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
12.4 |
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Exports of goods and services |
68.6 |
(31.2) |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
12.3 |
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Imports of goods and services |
63.5 |
(31.4) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports, 2021) |
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Current account balance |
1.5 |
(-0.2) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
42.6 |
|
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Net international investment position (2022) |
3.5 |
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Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
12.4 |
|
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Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
10.9 |
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LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
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Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %, 2022) |
66.5 |
(58.0) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %, 2022) |
3.9 |
(4.8) |
|
Men (2022) |
78.8 |
(65.6) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %, 2022) |
11.7 |
(10.6) |
|
Women (2022) |
53.5 |
(50.8) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %, 2022) |
0.3 |
(1.2) |
|
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %, 2022) |
69.3 |
(60.9) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %, 2019, OECD: 2022) ² |
20.3 |
(40.7) |
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Mean weekly hours worked (2022) |
44.7 |
(37.0) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2020, OECD: 2021) |
1.0 |
(3.0) |
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ENVIRONMENT |
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Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
2.8 |
(3.8) |
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
6.7 |
( 7.8) |
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Renewables (%, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
4.3 |
(12.0) |
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (1 000 m3, 2020) |
17.5 |
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Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2020) |
99.2 |
(56.5) |
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SOCIETY |
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Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2021, OECD: latest available) |
0.407 |
(0.316) |
Education outcomes (PISA score, 2022) |
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Poverty gap at USD 6.85 a day (2017 PPP, %, 2021) |
0.4 |
Reading |
388 |
(476) |
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Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
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Mathematics |
409 |
(472) |
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Health care (2020, OECD: 2022) |
4.1 |
(9.2) |
Science |
416 |
(485) |
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Education (% of GNI, 2021) |
3.9 |
(4.4) |
Share of women in parliament (%, 2022) |
13.6 |
(32.5) |
1. Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.
2. For Malaysia, data refers to aged 25 and over.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank, CEIC, Department of Statistics Malaysia.