| ACER | Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators |
| AERS | Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia |
| AIDA | Albanian Investment Development Agency |
| ALMP | active labour market policy |
| BAM | Bosnian mark (currency) |
| BFEE | Budgetary Fund for Energy Efficiency (Serbia) |
| BHEF | Business Higher Education Forum (USA) |
| CACM | capacity allocation and capacity management |
| CH4 | methane |
| CHP | combined heat and power |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide (CO2) |
| COP | Conference of the Parties (UNFCCC) |
| CPD | continuous professional development (for teachers) |
| CSO | civil society organisations |
| CSS | contributions for social services |
| CVT | continuing vocational training |
| EBRD | European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |
| ECEC | early childhood education and care |
| EED | Energy Efficiency Directive (EU) |
| EEF | Estonian Education Forum |
| EGD | European Green Deal |
| EIA | environmental impact assessment |
| EIB | European Investment Bank |
| ELD | Energy Labelling Directive (EU) |
| EMIS | education management information system (Albania) |
| EPBD | Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EU) |
| EPEEF | Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (Croatia) |
| ERE | Energy Regulatory Authority (Albania) |
| ESA | Employment Service Agency (North Macedonia) |
| ESCO | energy service company |
| ESCS | economic, social and cultural status (OECD, PISA) |
| ESM | Elektrani na Severna Makedonija (state-owned electricity company, North Macedonia) |
| EU | European Union |
| EU ETS | EU Emissions Trading System |
| EU-SILC | European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions |
| EV | electric vehicle |
| FBiH | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| FDI | foreign direct investment |
| FiP | feed-in premia |
| FiT | feed-in tarrif |
| FRR | frequency restoration reserve (for electricity systems) |
| FSA | financial social assistance |
| FTE | full-time equivalent (employee) |
| GDP | gross domestic product |
| GEFF | Green Economy Financing Facility (EBRD) |
| GHG | greenhouse gas (emissions) |
| GHI | global horizontal irradiation |
| GJ | gigajoules |
| GMA | guaranteed minimum assistance |
| GW | gigawatt |
| GWh | gigawatt hours |
| ICT | information and communication technologies |
| IEA | International Energy Agency |
| IED | Industrial Emissions Directive (EU) |
| IEQE | Institute for Education Quality and Evaluation (Serbia) |
| IFI | International financial institutions |
| IMPG | Integrated Policy Management Group (Albania) |
| IPA | investment promotion agency |
| IPPC | integrated prevention and pollution control |
| ISO | independent system operator |
| IT | information technologies |
| ITE | initial teacher education |
| ITO | independent transmission operator |
| KEDS | Kosovo Distribution System Operator |
| KEEF | Kosovo Energy Efficiency Fund |
| KIESA | Kosovo Investment and Enterprise Support Agency |
| KOSTT | Kosovo Transmission, System and Market Operator |
| KPI | key performance indicator |
| ktoe | kilotonnes of oil equivalent |
| kW | kilowatt |
| kWh | Kilowatt hour |
| LCDS | Low Carbon Development Strategy (Serbia) |
| LCPD | Large Combustion Plants Directive |
| LEUE | Law on Efficient Use of Energy (Serbia) |
| LGBTI | lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex |
| LPG | liquefied petroleum gas |
| LSG | local self-government |
| m2 | square metres |
| m3 | cubic metres |
| MANU | Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts |
| MEPS | minimum energy performance standards |
| MESP | Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (Kosovo) |
| MFK | Millennium Foundation Kosovo |
| MNE | multinational enterprise |
| MoESTD | Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia) |
| Mt | megatonne |
| Mtoe | million tonnes of oil equivalent |
| MW | megawatt |
| N2O | nitrous oxide |
| NAES | National Agency of Employment and Skills (Albania) |
| NCB | National Coordinative Body (North Macedonia) |
| NCED | National Council of Economic Development of Kosovo |
| NCEP | National Energy and Climate Plan |
| NDC | Nationally Determined Contributions (Paris Climate Agreement) |
| NEC | National Economic Council (Albania) |
| NEEAP | National Energy Efficiency Action Plan |
| NEET | not in education, employment or training |
| NEMO | nominated electricity market operators |
| NERP | National Emissions Reduction Plan |
| NGO | non-governmental organisation |
| NPAA | National Programme for the Adoption of the Acquis Communautaire |
| NRA | national regulatory authority |
| NREAP | National Renewable Energy Action Plan |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| PAL | Priorities for Adult Learning (OECD) |
| PES | public employment service |
| PISA | Programme for International Student Assessment |
| PM | particulate matter (PM2.5 = 2.5 micrograms) |
| PMI | projects of mutual interest |
| PPDM | psychology, pedagogy, didactics and methodology (teaching competencies) |
| PPP | purchasing power parity |
| PPP | public-private partnership |
| PV | photovoltaic (solar) |
| PWD | persons with disabilities |
| R&D | research and development |
| RED | Renewable Energy Directive (EU) |
| RRS | regional Roma survey |
| RS | Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
| SAA | skills assessment and anticipation |
| SAS | Social Assistance Scheme (Kosovo) |
| SCADA | supervisory control and data acquisition |
| SDGs | Sustainable Development Goals |
| SE | social enterprise |
| SEE CAO | Coordinated Auction Office in Southeast Europe |
| SEEPEX | Serbian Power Exchange |
| SERC | State Electricity Regulatory Commission (Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
| SEZ | special economic zone |
| SHPP | small hydropower plant |
| SLED | Support for Low-Emission Development in South Eastern Europe |
| SME | small- and medium-sized enterprises |
| SO2 | sulphur dioxide |
| SOE | state-owned enterprises |
| STEM | science, technology, engineering and mathematics |
| STEP | Skills Towards Employment and Productivity (Serbia) |
| T&D | transmission and distribution |
| TAP | Trans-Adriatic Pipeline |
| TPP | thermal power plant |
| TSO | transmission system operator |
| TWh | terawatt hours |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
| UNECE | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |
| UNFCCC | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
| VAT | value-added tax |
| VET | vocational education and training |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| YLL | years of life lost |
Multi‑dimensional Review of the Western Balkans
From Analysis to Action
