| AEOI | Automatic Exchange of Information |
| ALMP | Active Labour Market Policy |
| AMPYME | Autoridad de la Micro, Pequeña y Mediana Empresa (Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Authority) |
| AMUPA | Asociación de Municipios de Panamá |
| ARP | Argentinian peso |
| BEPS | Base Erosion and Profit Shifting |
| BRL | Brazilian Real |
| CAF | Development Bank of Latin America |
| CCS | Social Security Agency |
| CEDLAS | Center for Distributional, Labor and Social Studies of the University of La Plata |
| CEQ | Commitment to Equity |
| CFC | Controlled foreign company |
| CFZ | Colón Free Trade Zone |
| CGET | French General Commission for the Equality of Territories (Commissariat Général à l’Egalité des Territoires) |
| CIAT | Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations |
| CIT | Corporate income tax |
| CNC | Centro Nacional de Competitividad |
| CoG | Centre of Government |
| CRS | Common Reporting Standard |
| CSS | Caja de Seguridad Social |
| DIPRENA | Dirección de Presupuesto de la Nación |
| ECLAC | Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| EIU | Economist Intelligence Unit |
| EOIR | Exchange of Information on Request |
| FAP | Fondo de Ahorro de Panamá (Sovereign Wealth Fund) |
| FCM | Federation of Canadian Municipalities |
| FDI | Foreign Direct Investment |
| GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
| GRP | Government of the Republic of Panama |
| IBFD | International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation |
| IDB | Inter-American Development Bank |
| IDV | Instituto para Desenvolvimiento do Varejo |
| IMC | Intermunicipal co‑operation |
| IFARHU | Instituto para la Formación y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Humanos |
| ILO | International Labour Organization |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund |
| INADEH | Instituto Nacional de Formación Profesional y Capacitación para el Desarrollo Humano (National Training Institute) |
| INEC | Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censo (National Institute of Statistics and Census) |
| INFOTEP | Instituto Nacional de Formación Técnico Profesional |
| ITSE | Instituto Técnico Superior del Este (Higher Technical Institute of the East) |
| LAC | Latin America and the Caribbean |
| LABLAC | Labor Database for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| MDCR | Multi-Dimensional Country Review |
| MEF | Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (Ministry of Economy and Finance) |
| MEDUCA | Ministerio de Educación |
| MGI | McKinsey Global Institute |
| MICI | Mecanismo Independiente de Consulta e Investigación |
| MIDES | Ministerio de Desarrollo Social |
| MIT | Middle Income Trap |
| MITRADEL | Ministerio de Trabajo y Desarrollo Laboral |
| MPMP | Municipal Performance Measurement Program |
| MSMEs | Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises |
| NFPS | Non-financial public sector |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| PAB | Panamanian Balboa |
| PED | Planes Estratégicos Distritales |
| PEG | Plan Estrategico de Gobierno |
| PIAAC | Survey of Adult Skills |
| PISA | Programme for International Student Assessment |
| PIT | Personal Income Tax |
| PPP | Purchasing Power Parity |
| SEDLAC | Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean |
| SEZs | Special Economic Zones |
| SIMEI | Sistema de Recolhimento em Valores Fixos Mensais do Tributos do Simples Nacional |
| SIMS | Labour Markets and Social Security Information System |
| SME | Small and Medium-sized Enterprises |
| SSC | Social Security Contributions |
| SUBDERE | Subsecretaria de Desarrollo Regional y Administrativo |
| SUNAT | Peruvian tax administration |
| TADAT | Tax administration diagnostic assessment tool |
| TERCE | Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study |
| TVET | Technical and Vocational Education and Training |
| UN | United Nations |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
| UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| USD | United States Dollar |
| VAT | Value Added Tax |
| VRR | VAT Revenue Ratio |
| WTO | World Trade Organization |
Multi‑dimensional Review of Panama
Volume 2: In-depth Analysis and Recommendations