| ANAC | National Anti-Corruption Authority (Autorità Nazionale Anti-Corruzione) |
| ANCI | National Association of Italian Municipalities (Associazione Nazionale Comuni Italiani) |
| ARERA | Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and Environment (Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente) |
| BERD | Business enterprise expenditure on R&D |
| CAM | Criteri Ambientali Minimi |
| CDW | Construction and Demolition Waste |
| CGE | Computable General Equilibrium |
| CIT | Corporate Income Tax |
| CJEU | Court of Justice of the European Union |
| CO2e | carbon dioxide equivalent |
| CONAI | National Packaging Consortium (Consorzio Nazionale Imballaggi) |
| DG REFORM | Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support |
| DMC | Domestic Material Consumption |
| DRS | Deposit refund (or return) system |
| EEE | Electrical and electronic equipment |
| EFS | Environmentally Favourable Subsidies |
| EHS | Environmentally Harmful Subsidies |
| EMAS | Eco-Management and Audit Scheme |
| ENEA | Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile) |
| EPR | Extended Producer Responsibility |
| EU | European Union |
| EU27 | European Union of 27 member states |
| EUR | euro |
| GBP | Great British Pound |
| GCD | Green Claims Directive |
| GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
| GHG | Greenhouse gas |
| GPP | Green Public Procurement |
| GTAP | Global Trade Analysis Project |
| GVA | Gross Value Added |
| ICT | Information and Communications Technology |
| ISPRA | Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale) |
| ISTAT | Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istituto nazionale di statistica) |
| MASE | Ministry of Environment and Energy Security (Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Sicurezza Energetica) |
| MATTM | Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea Protection (Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare) |
| MFA | Material Flow Accounts |
| MIMIT | Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy |
| MiTE | Ministry of Ecological Transition (Ministero della transizione ecologica) |
| NRRP | National Recovery and Resilience Plan |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| PAYT | Pay-as-you-throw |
| PET | Polyethylene terephthalate |
| PINE | Policy Instruments for the Environment |
| PMC | preliminary market consultation |
| PPP | Purchasing Power Parities |
| PPWD | Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive |
| PRO | Producer Responsibility Organisation |
| R&D | Research and development |
| SDG | Sustainable Development Goal |
| SME | Small and medium enterprises |
| SUP | Single use plastics |
| UNI | Italian National Standards Body (Ente Italiano di Normazione) |
| USD | United States dollar |
| VAT | Value added tax |
| VRR | VAT Revenue Ratio |
| WEEE | Waste from electrical and electronic equipment |
| WFD | Waste Framework Directive |
| WTP | Willingness to pay |
Economic Instruments for the Circular Economy in Italy
Opportunities for Reform
