This report uses two classifications of countries around the world. It makes use of the World Bank income classes that categorise economies into high-income, upper middle-income, lower middle-income, and low-income countries. Countries with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of $1,025 or less in 2018 are considered as low-income. Lower middle-income countries have a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $3,995. Upper middle-income countries have GNI per capita between $3,996 and $12,375. Finally, high-income countries have a GNI per capita of $12,376 or more. Figure 1 illustrates how countries are categorised according to this classification.
Cities in the World
A New Perspective on Urbanisation
OECD Urban Studies
Source: Produced by EC and OECD based on the classification of the World Bank.
Additionally, the report presents evidence for world regions. It uses the World Bank regions, which consists of seven world regions: East Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Carribean, Middle East and North Africa, North America, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Figure 2 presents those seven world regions.
Source: Produced by EC and OECD based on the classification of the World Bank.