Case Studies on the Regulatory Challenges Raised by Innovation and the Regulatory Responses

Abbreviations and acronyms

ACCC	Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
ACEA	European Automobile Manufacturers Association
ACMA	Australian Communications and Media Authority
ADGM	Abu Dhabi Global Market
AFIN	ASEAN Financial Innovation Network
AFM	Authority for the Financial Markets
AGCOM	Telecommunications Regulator (Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni)
AGCM	Italian Competition Authority (Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato)
AGV	Automated Guided Vehicles
AI	Artificial Intelligence
AMF	Financial Markets Authority (Autorité des Marchés Financiers)
APIX	Global Financial Innovation Network or the API Exchange
ARAFER	Regulatory Transport Authority (Autorité de Régulation des Transports)
ARCEP	Electronic Communications, Postal and Print Media Distribution Regulatory Authority (Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques, des postes et de la distribution de la presse)
ARCOM	Regulatory body in charge of audiovisual and digital communications (Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique)
ASIC	Australian Securities & Investment Commission
BCFP	Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection
BEIS	Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
B2C	Business-to-Consumers
B2P	Business-to-People
CAGR	Compound Annual Growth Rate
CCAF	Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance
CNIL	Data Protection Authority (Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés)
CRE	Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission de Régulation de l'Energie)
CSA	French Broadcasting Authority (Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel)
CSA	Canadian Securities Administrators
CSF	Center for Strategic Futures
DLT	Distributed Ledger Technology
DSA	Digital Services Act
DMA	Digital Markets Act
DNB	De Nederlandsche Bank
EBP	European Blockchain Partnership
EBSI	European Blockchain Services Infrastructure
FAA	Federal Aviation Administration
FC	Fulfilment Center
FCA	Financial Conduct Authority
FHV	For-Hire Vehicle
FIRA	Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
FSRA	Financial Services Regulatory Authority
FSS	Fintech Supervisor Sandbox
FTC	Following Too Close
FTIG	Financial Technology and Innovation Group
GDPR	General Data Protection Regulation
GFIN	Global Financial Innovation Network
GIFCT	Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism
GPS	Global Positioning System
G-REG	Regulatory Practice Initiative
HADOPI	Authority for the dissemination of works and the protection of rights on the internet (Haute Autorité pour la diffusion des œuvres et la protection des droits sur internet)
HKMA	Hong Kong Monetary Authority
ICO	Initial Coin Offerings
ICT	Information and Communication Technology
INATBA	International Association of Trusted Blockchain Applications
IoT	Internet of Things
IRGC	International Risk Governance Council
KOMET	Sweden’s Committee for Technological Innovation and Ethics
LPWAN	Low-Power Wide Area Networks
MAS	Monetary Authority of Singapore
MOLIT	Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transportation
NE.O	Next Generation Online Store
O2O	Online-to-Offline
RBI	Reserve Bank of India
PAR	Planned Adaptive Regulation
P2P	Peer-to-Peer
RHC	Regulatory Horizons Council
RIA	Regulatory Impact Assessment
RSB	Regulatory Scrutiny Board
SEC	Securities Exchange Commission
SME	Small and Medium Enterprise
SUAS	Small Unmanned Aircraft System
TLC	Taxi and Limousine Commission
UGV	Unmanned Ground Vehicles
UNSGSA	UN Secretary-General’s Special Advocate for Inclusive Finance for Development
USPTO	United States Patent and Trademark Office
V2V	Vehicle-to-Vehicle
V2X	Vehicle-to-everything
WIPO	World Intellectual Property Rights Organisation