An unprecedented “boom and bust” investment cycle occurred in the high-tech industries at the turn of the century, in particular in the telecommunications sector. Regulatory reforms and technological innovation fuelled expectations of robust growth in traffic, revenue and earnings. Eventually, however, the volume of traffic expanded less than anticipated. Faced with severe financial difficulties, telecommunication firms sharply curtailed their investment and embarked on restructuring. The impact of such restructuring on the overall economy has been relatively small, but it has had severe upstream effects on equipment suppliers and technology firms. Confidence is now slowly returning to the sector thanks to the efforts of companies to strengthen their balance sheets and to renegotiate their debts. Although the necessary restructuring now underway in the industry is painful, governments and regulators should resist the temptation to provide relief to companies by easing competition ...