This report was authored by the long COVID team at the Health Division of the OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs. It was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union, as part of the “Supporting Long-COVID patients: insights and action” initiative.
Members of the Network of Expertise on Long COVID (NELC) of the European Commission from Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Finland, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden participated in the snapshot policy survey of countries in July 2025. This participation was facilitated by Stefan Schreck at DG SANTE of the European Commission. Australia, Canada, Korea, Norway and Switzerland participated in the survey via the OECD working party for Healthcare Quality and Outcomes (HCQO). Rym Ghouma contributed as an external consultant. The economic analysis benefitted from review and advice by Santiago Calvo Ramos of the European Commission. Tomaso Antonacci of long-COVID Belgium and Véronique Héon-Kiln of the German Federal Ministry of Health contributed to and reviewed the health policy section. The authors are grateful to Frederico Guanais, Francesca Colombo, Mark Pearson and Stefano Scarpetta for their technical input and review.
This report benefited from the advice and comments of delegates of the OECD Health Committee, with written input provided by Canada, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, and by members of the Network of Expertise for Long COVID from the Netherlands and Sweden.