| ADB | Asian Development Bank |
| AOP | Ambient Ozone Pollution |
| APMP | Ambient Particular Matter Pollution |
| AQS | Air Quality Standards |
| BAT | Best Available Techniques |
| BAT-AEL | Emission Levels Associated with Best Available Techniques |
| BREF | BAT reference document |
| BREF-PP | BREF for Pulp and Paper Manufacturing |
| CAA | Clean Air Act |
| CERC | Committee on Environmental Regulation and Control |
| CERCLA | Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act |
| CVM | Contingent Valuation Method |
| CWA | Clean Water Act |
| EC | European Commission |
| ECJ | European Court of Justice |
| EEA | European Environment Agency |
| EECCA | Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia |
| ELD | Environmental Liability Directive (2004/35/EC) |
| ELV | Emission Limit Values |
| EMAS | EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme |
| EMEP CEIP | European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections |
| EMS | Environmental Management System |
| ESG | Environmental, Social and Governance |
| EU | European Union |
| EU ETS | EU Emissions Trading System |
| EUR | Euro |
| EPOC | OECD Environment Policy Committee |
| EQS | Environmental Ambient Quality Standards |
| GGI | Green Growth Indicators |
| GHG | Greenhouse Gas Emission |
| GMO | Genetically Modified Organism |
| HEA | Habitat Equivalency Analysis |
| IED | Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) |
| IEP | Integrated Environmental Permit |
| IGTIC | International Green Technologies and Investment Centre |
| IMPEL | European Union Network for the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law |
| INECE | International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement |
| IPPC | Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control |
| IPPCD | Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (2008/1/EC) |
| JRC | Joint Research Centre (of the European Commission) |
| KPI | Key Performance Indicators |
| LCP | Large Combustion Plant |
| MAC | Maximum Allowed Concentrations |
| MBI | Market-Based Instruments |
| MCI | Monthly Calculation Index |
| MDCR | Multi-dimensional Country Review |
| MNE | Ministry of National Economy of Kazakhstan |
| MOE | Ministry of Energy |
| MPD | Maximum Permissible Discharges for a project |
| MPE | Maximum Permissible Emissions for an operator |
| NGO | Non-Governmental Organisation |
| NH3 | Ammonia |
| NOX | Nitrogen Oxides |
| NO2 | Nitrogen Dioxide |
| NMVOC | Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds |
| NRDA | Natural Resource Damage Assessment |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OPA | Oil Production Act |
| PM | Particulate Matter |
| PM2.5 | Particulate Matter – fraction of particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm |
| PM10 | Particulate Matter – fraction of particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm |
| PPP | Polluter-Pays Principle |
| PRTR | Pollutant Release and Transfer Register |
| REA | Resource Equivalency Analysis |
| R&D | Research and Development |
| SCR | Selective Catalytic Reduction |
| SEEA | System of Integrated Environmental-Economic Accounting |
| SEPA | Scottish Environment Protection Agency |
| SEP | Supplemental Environmental Projects |
| SME | Small and Medium Enterprises |
| SNCR | Selective Non-catalytic Reduction |
| SOE | State-Owned Enterprises |
| SOx | Sulphur Oxides |
| SO2 | Sulphur Dioxide |
| TEV | Total Economic Value |
| TSP | Total Suspended Particles |
| TWG | Technical Working Group |
| UNECE | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |
| US | United States |
| USD | US Dollar |
| US EPA | United States Environmental Protection Agency |
| VEA | Value Equivalency Analysis |
| VOLY | Value of a Life Year |
| VSL | Value of Statistical Life |
| WFD | Water Framework Directive |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WTAC | Willingness-to-Accept Compensation |
| WTP | Willingness-to-Pay |
Addressing Industrial Air Pollution in Kazakhstan
Reforming Environmental Payments Policy Guidelines