| ABP | Asociación Bancaria de Panamá (Panama Banking Association) |
| ACP | Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (Panama Canal Authority) |
| AIG | National Authority for Government Innovation (Panama) |
| AML | Anti-money-laundering |
| AMPYME | Autoridad de la Micro Pequeña y Mediana Empresa |
| ANTAI | National Authority for Transparency and Access to Information |
| ATM | average time to maturity |
| BEPS | base erosion and profit shifting |
| BNP | Banco Nacional de Panamá |
| BOP | balance of payment |
| bps | Basis points |
| CAE | Centros de Atención Empresarial (Panama) (Business Assistance Centres) |
| CAT DDO | catastrophe deferred drawdown option |
| CCSS | Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (Costa Rica) (Costa Rican Social Security Fund) |
| CENPROMYPE | Centro Regional de Promoción de la MPIYME (Regional Centre for MSMEs Promotion) |
| CIFI | Corporación Interamericana para el Financiamiento de Infraestructura (Panama) |
| CoNEP | Consejo Nacional de la Empresa Privada (Panama) (National Council for Private Enterprise) |
| CPI | consumer price index |
| CSS | Caja de Seguro Social (Panama) (Social Security Fund) |
| DGI | Dirección General de Ingresos (Panama) (General Directorate of Revenue) |
| EMBI | Emerging Market Bond Index |
| EMMA | Régimen Especial de Empresas Multinacionales para la Prestación de Servicios Relacionados con la Manufactura (Special Regime for the Establishment and Operation of Multinational Enterprises for the Provision of Manufacturing-Related Services) |
| ESCS | economic, social and cultural status |
| ESG | economic, social and governance |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) |
| FATF | Financial Action Task Force |
| FDI | foreign direct investment |
| FET | Fondo de Estabilización Tarifaria |
| FFPI | FAO Food Price Index |
| FTZ | free trade zone |
| GAFILAT | Grupo de Acción Financiera de Latinoamérica (Financial Action Task Force of Latin America) |
| GDP | gross domestic product |
| GDPR | General Data Protection Regulation (EU) |
| GERD | gross expenditure on research and development |
| GESNA | Gestión Electrónica de Salud Nacional, (Panama) (National Health Electronic Management) |
| GFOI | Global Forest Observations Initiative |
| GHG | greenhouse gas emissions |
| GSSS | green, social, sustainable and sustainability-linked (bonds) |
| ICT | information and telecommunication technologies |
| IDB | Inter-American Development Bank |
| IFC | International Finance Corporation |
| IIP | international investment position |
| IMAE | Indicador Mensual de Actividad Económica (Monthly Indicator of Economic Activity) |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund |
| INADEH | Instituto Nacional de Formación Profesional y Capacitación para el Desarrollo Human (National Institute of Vocational Training and Training for Human Development) (Panama) |
| ITSE | Instituto Técnico Superior Especializado |
| IVM | Invalidez, Vejez y Muerte (Programme of Invalidity, Old Age and Death [insurance]) |
| KPI | key performance indicators |
| LAC | Latin America and the Caribbean |
| LOLR | lender of last resort |
| MEF | Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (Ministry of Economy and Finance) |
| MIDA | Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario (Ministry of Agriculture Development) |
| MIDES | Ministerio de Desarrollo Social (Ministry of Social Development) |
| MITRADEL | Ministerio de Trabajo y Desarrollo Laboral (Ministry of Labour and Labour Force Development) |
| MSME | micro, small and medium-sized enterprises |
| NDC | Nationally Determined Contribution |
| NEET | (youth) not in employment, education or training |
| NFPS | non-financial public sector |
| NPL | non-performing loan |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| PDP | productive development programme |
| PEG | Plan Estratégico de Gobierno (Panama) (Government Strategic Plan) |
| PISA | Programme for International Student Assessment (OECD) |
| PIT | personal income tax |
| PMT | proxy means test |
| PNCI | Programa Nacional de Competitividad Industrial (Panama) (National Programme of Industrial Competitiveness) |
| p.p. | percentage points |
| PPP | public-private partnership |
| PROFIPYME | Programme for the Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises |
| PROFIMYPE | Programme for the Financing of Micro and Small Enterprises |
| R&D | research and development |
| RENAB | Registro Nacional de Beneficiarios (Panama) (National Register of Beneficiaries) |
| RFI | rapid financing instrument |
| SBFN | Sustainable Banking and Finance Framework |
| SDP | supplier development programme |
| SEM | Sedes de Empresas Multinacionales |
| SFRL | Social and Fiscal Responsibility Law (Panama) |
| SIAN | Sistema Integrado Agrocomercial Nacional (Panama) (National Agro-commercial Integrated System) |
| SICA | Sistema de Integración Centroamericana (Central American Integration System) |
| SINIP | Sistema Nacional de Inversión Pública (Panama) (National System of Public Investment) |
| SINMA | Sistema Inteligente Nacional de Monitoreo de Alertas (Panama) (National Intelligent System to Monitor Alerts) |
| SLB | sustainability-linked bonds |
| SOE | state-owned enterprise |
| SPT | sustainable performance targets |
| SSC | social security contribution |
| STEM | science, technology, engineering and mathematics |
| UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme |
| VAT | value-added tax |
A Multi‑dimensional Approach to the Post-COVID‑19 World for Panama
