OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Luxembourg 2020
Basic statistics of Luxembourg, 2018
Copy link to Basic statistics of Luxembourg, 2018(or latest available year; OECD values in parenthesis)1
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PEOPLE AND SOCIETY |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
0.6 |
Population density (inhabitants per km2) |
233 |
(36) |
|
|
Share of foreigners (residents born abroad) (%) |
48 |
Population annual growth rate, latest 5 years |
2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Non-resident cross-boarders (million) |
0.2 |
Income inequality (Gini coefficient) |
0.30 |
(0.32) |
|
|
Poverty rate (% of population with less than 50% of median income) |
8 |
(12) |
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|
Life expectancy |
82 |
(81) |
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ECONOMY AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
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|
Total GDP (EUR, billion) |
59 |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
191 |
(29) |
|
|
Total GDP (USD billion, current PPPs) |
68 |
Main exports |
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|
GDP compound annual real growth rate, latest 5 years |
2.9 |
(2.3) |
(% of total merchandise exports) Iron and steel |
17 |
|
|
GDP per capita (1 000 USD current PPPs) |
112 |
(46) |
Road vehicles |
7 |
|
|
Value added shares (%) |
Other industrial machinery and parts |
7 |
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|
Agriculture |
0 |
(2) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
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|
Industry including construction |
13 |
(25) |
Road vehicles |
14 |
|
|
Services |
87 |
(73) |
Oil and oil products |
8 |
|
|
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
225 |
(29) |
Metal ores and metal wastes |
5 |
|
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP |
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|
Expenditure |
43 |
(40) |
Education expenditure |
5.0 |
(5.1) |
|
Revenue |
44 |
(38) |
Health expenditure |
4.9 |
(7.7) |
|
Gross financial debt |
31 |
(110) |
Environmental protection expenditure |
1.1 |
(0.5) |
|
Fiscal balance |
1.4 |
-(2.3) |
Environmental taxes (% of GDP) |
1.8 |
(1.6) |
|
(% of total tax revenue) |
4.7 |
(5.3) |
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LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
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|
Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force) |
5.6 |
(5.3) |
Patents in environment-related technologies (% of all technologies, average of latest 3 years)2 |
11 |
(10) |
|
Tertiary educational attainment of 25- to 64-year-olds (%) |
44 |
(36.9) |
Environmental management |
10 |
(4) |
|
Gross expenditure on R&D (% of GDP) |
1.3 |
2.37 |
Water-related adaptation technologies |
0.4 |
(0.5) |
|
Climate mitigation technologies |
7 |
(8) |
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ENVIRONMENT |
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|
Energy intensity TPES per capita (toe/cap.) |
6.4 |
(4.1) |
Road vehicle stock (vehicles/100 inhabitants) |
78 |
|
|
TPES per GDP (toe/1 000 USD 2010 PPPs) |
0.07 |
(0.10) |
Water stress (abstraction as % of available natural resources) |
3 |
(9) |
|
Renewables (% of TPES) |
7.5 |
(10) |
Water abstraction per capita (m3/cap./year) |
78 |
(715) |
|
Carbon intensity (energy-related CO2) |
Municipal waste per capita (kg/capita) |
614 |
(520) |
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|
Emissions per capita (t/cap.) |
14.9 |
(8.9) |
Material productivity (USD, 2010 PPPs/DMC, kg) |
4 |
(2.6) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t/1 000 USD 2010 PPPs) |
0.17 |
(0.23) |
Land area (1 000 km2) |
3 |
|
|
GHG intensity3 |
% of arable land and permanent crops |
26 |
(12) |
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|
Emissions per capita (t CO2 eq/cap.) |
17.3 |
(11.9) |
% of permanent meadows/pastures |
28 |
(22) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t CO2 eq/1 000 USD 2010 PPPs) |
0.20 |
(0.31) |
% of forest area |
36 |
(31) |
|
Mean population exposure to air pollution (PM2.5), μg/m3 |
10.2 |
(12.50) |
% of other land (built-up/other land) |
11 |
(34) |
1. Values earlier than 2013 are not taken into consideration. OECD value: where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for a significant number of countries.
2. Patent applications for higher-value inventions that have sought protection in at least two jurisdictions.
3. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). Emissions expressed in CO2 equivalent.
Source: Calculations based on data from databases of the OECD, Eurostat, IEA/OECD and World Bank.